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As described in a paper published in the August Optical Materials and released online Friday, the bolometer is currently able to distinguish between the vibrations produced by trembling nuclei and spinning electrons.

研究结果刊登在8月号《光学材料》杂志上。

Boltzmann statistics, Fermi-Dirac and Bose- Einstein distribution Statistical method for ideal gas, Heat capacity of solid, Thermodynamics of magnetism, Bose-Einstein gases Bose-Einstein condensation, Fermi-Dirac gases, Free electrons in metal, Information theory.

统计力学导论( S0819)(0，3)波茨曼统计、费米--弟格与波士--爱恩斯坦分布、理想气体之统计、固体之热容量、磁性材料之热力学、波士--爱恩斯坦气体，波士--爱恩斯坦凝结、费米--弟格气体、自由电子、讯息理论。

In superconductors, the bosons are the pairs of bound electrons thAT form AT the Fermi surface

在超导体中，玻色子是在费密表面形成的束缚态电子对。

Under the optimized conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity decreased linearly with the copper ions concentration in the range from 2 to 200μg·L~(-1) and the detection limit could reach 0.29μg·L~(-1). Based on the charge-transfer quenching mechanism, the copper ions bounding onto the surface of qdots could absorb electrons from valance band, which results in the quenching of fluorescence.

用电荷转移机制解释了量子点荧光猝灭的原因，主要是由于价带电子激发到导带以后被表面结合的Cu~(2+)离子捕获而产生的结果，在此基础上，用光解实验进行了进一步的验证。

And it is electrons bremsstrahlung and recombination excitation radiation of electron and ion at high pressure.

高压下以电子韧致辐射及电子与离子的复合激发为主要机理。

High energy electron initiates the electromagnetic shower and then generated a lot of bremsstrahlung and secondary electrons with wide spectrum.

高能电子会引发电磁簇射，从而产生大量且能谱相当宽的韧致辐射光子及次级电子。

When the de Broglie wavelength of electrons inside a nanoscale metal particle is comparable to its size, the quantum size effects appear.

当金属纳米颗粒中电子的de Broglie波长已经可以和它的大小相比时，量子限制效应就会出现。

By varying a small signal voltage riding on the C battery, the flow of electrons to the plate could be controlled to generate a much larger voltage.

通过改变C电池上的一个小信号电压，流向极板的电子流可以通过控制来产生更大的电压。

Then the focus was shifted from polyacetylene to carbonaceous material, which have the same pi electrons.

此后 ，研究的重点从聚乙炔转移到具有同样的 pi电子的碳材料上。

The luminescence mechanism of the device is solid state cathodoluminescence because electrons are accelerated in solid instead of in vacuum.

这个结果将SSCL从有机材料扩展到无机材料，为实现蓝色无机电致发光提供了新的途径。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。