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The hybrid composite PW11Co/PAMAM was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, XPS, XRD and TG/DTA, indicating that the PW11Co was chemically anchored to PAMAM. The morphologies of the title composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of isobutyraldehyde to isobutyric acid in MeCN under mild conditions (20 ℃, ambient pressure), showing that the title compound is a more effective and recoverable catalyst than corresponding PW11Co.

通过FT-IR、DR-UV-Vis、XRD、TEM、SEM、TG/DTA等手段对其进行了表征，并考察了其对异丁醛转化异丁酸的催化活性，实验结果表明，多金属氧酸盐通过配位键与聚酰胺-胺作用形成的无机-有机复合物可望成为一种催化活性高且易于分离和重复使用的多相催化剂。

The apparent electron transfer rate constants kapp of azobenzcne to the underlyingelectrode are found to fall off exponentially with increasing the length of alkyl chain spacers. Theelectron tunneling constant P for the electron transfer in the present systenl are estimated to be1.35±0.20 per CH2 from the logarithndc k.p. versus n (nunther of methylenes in the alkyl chainspacer) plot.

而利用电化学活性的自组装单分子膜进行这方面的研究有其独到的优点，可以在分子水平上设计和改变电子转移距离以及电活性中心所处的微环境，为考察界面电化学的一些基本问题，例如电子转移速度与距离的关系、界面结构的影响等＊－q提供了较为理想

Electron momentum spectroscopy, which gives the information of themovement and correlation of electron through the measurement of the energy andthe momentum density of the electrons in the kinematically complete (e,2e)reaction, is the strong powerful tool that study the materiel structure of the time.

电子动量谱通过动能完全的(e，2e)反应，可以测量原子分子和固体中电子的能量和动量密度，给出物质中电子运动和关联的信息，是当代研究物质结构的强有力的工具。

The ontogeny, phylogeny and ultrastruct of the glandular hairs of 5 varieties and 38 species in 26 genera of Labiatae are studied with the light microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy in the paper.

本文利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对唇形科26属38种和5变种的腺毛进行了个体发育、系统发育和超微结构的研究。

The morphology and microstructure of Ni-La2O3 codeposited films were studied by means of metallograph, electron probe microanalyzer ,transmission electron microscope and high resolutionelf3ctroli microscope.

用金相、电子探针、透射电镜及高分辨电子显微镜对Ni－La2O3复合电镀层的表面形貌及LaO3质点在镀层中的存在情况进行了研究。

By means of measurements of mechanical and electrical properties, metallographical and transmission electron microscope observation, X-ray diffraction and selected diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum, the phase transformation process of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy and the relation between its microstructure and properties were studied.

本文利用力学与电学性能测试，金相与透射电镜观祭，X-射线衍射与选区电子衍射分析，扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的相变过程以及合金的组织结构与性能之间的关系进行了研究。

Surface waxes of the pericarp were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the structure and composition of cell wall were studied using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy respectively; the changes of calcium in the cell wall were determined by atomic absorption and the integrity of cell membrane by conductivity meter respectively.

本论文采用扫描电子显微镜研究果实表皮蜡层的变化，用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究果实细胞壁结构和成分的变化，用原子吸收分光光度计测定细胞壁钙离子的变化，用电导率仪检测果实细胞的完整性。同时测定了果实酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.10.3.1)活性、过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)活性，并分析了果实硬度、糖和酸含量等品质指标。

Firstly, a series of organic molecules which use phthalimido group as electron acceptor, N as electron donor, COO~- as eletrofugal group were synthesized based on SET-promoted photocyclization processes. These compounds were irradiated by 500 W ultraviolet under nitrogen atmosphere in room temperature. After filtration of the photochemical character of these molecules, substrate S1 and S2 were selected as appropriate model reactants. Secondly, the monosubstituted derivatives at the 6-position ofβ-cyclodextrin were synthesized as chiral template of photocyclization.

首先，以单电子转移机理为指导，设计了一系列以邻苯二甲酰亚胺基为电子受体、N为电子给体、羧基为离去基团的光环合反应底物，这些化合物在氮气保护下以500瓦紫外光室温下进行光照反应，对这一系列的分子的反应情况进行了研究与筛选，最终选择底物S1和S2作为研究光环合反应中立体控制方法的模型底物；其次，又合成了一系列6-位单取代β-环糊精，以此作为光环合反应的手性模板。

The morphology, number of myelinated fibers and mean thickness of myelin sheath of regenerated nerves were observed by light microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope.

光镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察再生神经的形态结构、有做神经纤维数量、平均髓鞘厚度并进行统计学分析。

The distribution of acute virus necrobiotic disease virus in mantle, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestine and muscle of scallop Chlamys farreri naturally diseased and artificially infected was detected by ultra thin section electron microscopic technique, negative staining electron microscopic technique and ELISA.

应用超薄切片、负染电镜技术以及ELISA对自然发病和人工感染发病的栉孔扇贝之外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、肾、肠、及闭壳肌等主要器官急性病毒性坏死症(AcuteVirusNecrobioticDisease，AVND)病毒的感染状况进行了研究。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。