查询词典 electron-optical

The images of AAM were characterized by scanning electron microscope , transmission electron microscope and atom force microscope .

主要研究程果和结论如下：（1）在硫酸、草酸和磷酸电解液中，在不同的阳极氧化条件下制备出具有不同大小、密度、深度和纵横比的纳米孔阵列AAM模板。

The formation mechanism of the absolute instability and gyrotron backward wave oscillations is analyzed, and the methods to suppress the parasitical modes are discussed.The nonlinear theory model of gyro-TWT is consummated by considering the influence of tapered magnetic field and waveguide radius, electron velocity spread, and waveguide loss on electron beam-wave interaction. The large-signal characteristic of gyro-TWT, such as launching loss and absolute instability, are also analyzed in detail. This work establishes the foundation for the development of a gyro-TWT amplifier.

重点研究了两段损耗波导结构和损耗陶瓷结构回旋行波管中的电子注-波互作用，分析了绝对不稳定性和回旋返波振荡的形成机制和抑制寄生模式的方法；完善了回旋行波管的非线性理论模型，并考虑了磁场和波导半径渐变、速度零散、波导损耗等因素对注-波互作用的影响；详细分析了发射损耗、相位稳定性等回旋行波管的大信号特征，为回旋行波管放大器的研制奠定了基础。

The ratio of electron spin energy to the interaction energy between electron and LO phonon decreases with increasing z, so does the ratio of electron spin energy to the interaction energy between polarons.

电子自旋能量与电子和LO声子之间的相互作用能之比以及与声子之间的相互作用能之比都随z增加而减小。

Will voltage electron beam deflection plate to tie the direction switch "is" location, rotating clockwise direction deflection plate voltage Potentiometers (RP2), the electron beam is deflected upward, the greater the voltage between the deflection plate, the electron beam deflection angle the bigger.

实验一。观察电子束在电场中的偏转将电子束偏转板电压方向开关扳到&上正&位置，顺时针方向旋转偏转板电压电位器(RP2)，电子束则向上偏转，偏转板之间电压越大，则电子束偏转的角度越大。

Compared to figleaf gourd, cucumber and sponge gourd showed higher net CO_2 assimilation, actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport Φ_(PSII, photochemical quenching coefficient, the efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII centers, rate of energy dissipation via light-independent thermal processes and fluorescence J_(f,D, energy flux via linear electron transport J_(PSII and electron flux for photosynthetic carbon reduction all the time during the measuring day.

黄瓜与丝瓜在净二氧化碳同化速率、光系统Ⅱ光化学量子效率Φ_(PSⅡ、光化学猝灭系数、开放的光系统Ⅱ中心激发能捕获效率、不依赖于光的热能与荧光耗散光能J_(f，D、PSⅡ总的光合电子流量J_(PSⅡ及用于光合碳还原的电子流量等参数上均表现出比黑籽南瓜更高的数值。

GHz ridge－loaded helical groove slow wave structure with a 20kV electron beam are given and the investigations of the effect of the ridge dimensions and electron beam parameters on the small signal gain are carried out. It is indicated from the calculation results that this type of structure is suitable for use as s SWS of high power, high gain but narrow passband millimeter TWT, of which the 3dB gain bandwidth is 3.4%. In order to increase the bandwidth, the reduction of the ridge gap or the increase of the electron beam current in an allowable range may be useful.

GHz的脊棱加载慢波结构的具体尺寸，并对此结构中小信号增益随脊尺寸的变化情况及电子注参数对其影响进行了研究，计算结果表明：此结构适宜于作为高增益窄带毫米波大功率行波管的慢波线，其3dB增益带宽为3.4%，为了展宽其工作带宽，可以适当减小间隙宽度，也可在一定范围内提高电子注电流。

Firstly, we investigate the influence of the hole injection layer on the performance of the OLED. Evidence shows that m-MTDATA exhibits a dense film structure and fine surface morphology, leading to easy hole migration. Furthermore, a low-voltage driving of OLEDs has been achieved by doping 4F-TCNQ into m-MTDATA layer. Secondly, we obtain a highly efficient OLED by using a new oxidiazoles, an efficient electron-transporting molecular materials. Finally, we have realized the efficient electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes using an electron-transport layer composed of BPhen with Liq co-deposited layer. With this cohost strategy, we improve the power efficiency by～21 % while reduce the driving voltage by～13%.

首先研究了不同空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件的影响，结果表明，由于m-MTDATA具有良好的成膜性，以及空穴注入能力，可以改善空穴向发光层的注入，提高了器件的效率，进一步在m-MTDATA中掺入4F-TCNQ可以显著降低器件的驱动电压；其次，利用一种新型含氟噁二唑类衍生物做电子注入层获得了高效有机薄膜电致发光器件；最后，研究了Bphen：Liq混合层的电子传输特性，表明混合层的电子传输能力显著提高，基于共基质电子传输层的器件的电压比传统器件降低了13％而效率却提高了21％。

Moreover, the merging into these quantum Hall states with decreasing temperature appears to deviate from a semicircle relation. This could be due to the fact that the presence of inelastic scatterings (electron-phonon, electron-electron, etc.) is known to affect the localization effect.

此外，随著温度降低，分析结果显出温度流线并入量子霍尔态的行为偏离了预期的半圆关系，此可能由於非弹性散射(电子-声子、电子-电子等)的存在对局域效应造成影响。

By comparing the electron gain of the prepared silicon microchannel plate with conventional one,we found the electron gain of Si MCP was larger than glass MCP.Though there were some problems to be solved in the manufacture of electron multiplier of Si MCP,it was expected that Si MCP would be a new approach to enhance the performances of MCP and the quality of image devices.

引言 微光夜视、高灵敏度粒子成像探测和光子计数、大屏幕快速图像显示以及X射线诊断等系统，已在现代武器装备、空间技术和核辐射探测等领域中得到广泛应用，其中微光图像增强器件的核心部件之一就是二维阵列式通道电子倍增器件微通道板 MCP Microchann

This paper introduces the studies of the ultra-short Thomson scattering X-ray source at the accelerator laboratory of Tsinghua University in recent years. Properties such as the photon yield,the pulse length and time jitter of the produced photon pulse were predicted theoretically from the parameters of the electron bunch and the laser pulse,and the scattering angle. Preliminary experiments were successfully carried out with a 16 MeV backward-traveling-wave accelerator and the ns-Q switched laser provided by China Academy of Engineering Physics. This paper also introduces the 1.6-cell electron gun that was fabricated on site and the experiment with high RF power including the measurement of the electron bunche parameters. Based on these,we have designed an X-ray source,which is now under construction.

介绍了清华大学加速器实验室近年来关于汤姆逊散射超短X射线源的研究工作；研究了在任意散射角度下电子束参数和激光束参数对散射光子参数的影响，给出了散射光子的参数如光子产额、脉冲长度、时间抖动等与电子束参数、激光束参数和散射角度的关系；利用实验室已有的16 MeV反波行波加速器与中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心提供的ns调Q激光搭建了汤姆逊散射初步实验平台并开展了实验研究；加工了1.6-cell光阴极微波电子枪，搭建了高功率实验平台，对产生的电子束参数进行了初步测量；对汤姆逊散射超短X射线源进行了设计并开展了相关的平台建设工作，对产生的X射线脉冲参数进行了模拟。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。