查询词典 electron-optical

The non-relativistic energies and wave functions were determined by Rayleigh-Ritz method. The relativistic effects, including the correction to kinetic energy, the electron-electron contact term, and the orbit-orbit interaction, Darwin term, and mass-polarization effect on the energies were calculated by using first-order perturbation theory. In order to obtain a more accurate result for the larger Z system, the quantum-electrodynamics correction should be included. This correction to energy can be evaluated for the valence electron by using a hydrogenic formula with an effective nuclear charge, Z. The ionization potential, the excitation energies and the fine structure split-tings for a lithium-like ion with higher nuclear charge (Z=26) were calculated.

非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定，包括动能修正、电子—电子接触项、轨道—轨道相互作用项以及Darwin项的相对论修正和质量极化项由全实加关联波函数的一阶微扰给出，量子电动力学修正由有效核电荷方法和类氢公式计算；给出了较高核电荷(Z=26)类锂体系1s^2nl组态的电离能、激发能和1s^2np组态的精细结构劈裂。

The electron line itself in a Feynman diagram represents a "bare" electron ,whereas the real observable particles are the "bare" particles "dressed " by these virtual processes,the so-called"self-energy" terms which contribute to the mass and charge of the electron that the experimentalist measures.

一个 Feynman 图表的电子线本身表现"赤裸的"电子，然而真正的观察得出的粒子是被这些虚拟的程序穿着的"赤裸的"粒子，那所谓的"自己的-能源"成为块和实验者测量的电子费用的因素期限。

The FAD in the electron-transferring flavoprotein, which mediates electron flow from fatty acyl coenzyme A to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cycles between oxidized quinone and anionic semiquinone.

在电子风潮转移黄素蛋白，介导电子从脂酰辅酶A流入线粒体电子传递链，循环氧化之间醌和醌阴离子。

Among them very multinomial and direct or indirect design reachs relevant industry to sensor, detailed situation is as follows: The computer reachs peripheral equipment: Hold pattern recognition of GPS receiver, graph and processing system; Microelectronics and photoelectron yuan parts of an apparatus: Cadmium of parts of an apparatus of coupling of CCD photoelectricity carry on one's shoulder, tellurium is mercuric , infra-red detector; CMOS image sensor; Communication equipment reachs a product: Smooth communication is metric with the instrument that monitor; Civil spacecraft reachs ground facilities: Spacecraft is lukewarm control a product; Automation machinery reachs device: Industrial robot and intelligent robot; Electromechanical key foundation: Intelligent air cylinder, intelligence changes model carapace breaker (voltage 380V, 660V, voltaic 1000A), prevent adopt device of dead apply the brake , the electron controls vehicle of the automatic gear-box, dynamoelectric steering gear that help strength, car to carry diagnostic system, gasoline engine electronic-controlled engine of device, derv is electronic-controlled car of device, alternative fuel changes device, car; Instrument appearance reachs a system: GPS car fixed position, monitoring calls the police attemper system, colliery installs all inspection to measure general management system, hydroelectric station to monitor control system, automatic cruise automatically to control a system (the car is auxiliary drive system), the electron collects fees administrative system (ceaseless car electron pays cost the system), two-phase; New-style medical apparatus and instruments: Medical sensor; Inorganic metalloid material: Component of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, lukewarm characteristic thermal resistor ; New-style the sources of energy reachs equipment: The solar battery reachs package; The environment monitors an instrument: Monitor appearance, CO automatically to monitor appearance, automatic acid rain automatically sampler and determine appearance, soot, dust is automatic sampler and determine appearance, flue gas is automatic sampler and determine steam of end of appearance, car determines automatically appearance, portable poisonous and harmful gas determines quality of air of type of appearance, flow; The exploration of the sources of energy and mineral products resource develops device: MWD is followed get oil of logging instrument, numerical control monitor below well of deep well logging instrument, colliery reach calamity to forecast; The project measures and equipment of earthly physics observation: Project acceleration measures system, much general to strap weather radar (use be concerned with or double polarization technology), intelligence atmosphere sensor (contain lukewarm, press, irradiation level of wet, wind, precipitation, dew point, sun), personal computer control is automatic and perpendicular artesian well system , marine atmosphere; 1 2 of on one page issues one page

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For electron collision scheme electron temperature should exceed electron ionization potential.

因而原子被电离以后电子能量的值是一个至关重要的参数。

In this paper, we have studied the dimensional effects, electronic state, the configurations of charge density and spin density for quasi-one-dimensional organic ferromagnets. First, considering interchain interaction, the itineracy of electrons, the electron-electron correlation, electron-phonon interaction and spin correlation in low dimensional system, we proposed an interchain coupling theoretical model for conjugated system and non-conjugated system of organic polymer ferromagnets, respectively. Based on the theoretical model, we studied the electronic property, spin structure, the configuration of dimerization and the stability of the ferromagnetic state with a self-consistent iterative method.

首先我们在考虑准一维有机铁磁体的链间相互作用、电子的巡游性、强的电子-电子关联、电子-声子耦合、自旋关联等因素的基础上，分别对两种类型的有机高聚物铁磁体各自提出一个包含链间耦合的理论模型，用自洽迭代的数值计算方法对其电子性质、自旋结构、二聚化特征及铁磁态的稳定性进行了研究。

Metallographic analysis, analysis for fracture surface of scanning electron microcopy photographs, electron-probe analysis,X-ray powder diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope analysis have been done for the analysis of microstructurs、fracture apperance、structure,and has carried on the preliminary discussion to the toughening Mechanisms.

采用金相分析、扫描断口分析、能谱分析、x射线粉末衍射结构分析、透射电镜分析对合金化以及引入韧性第二相后的TiFe_2合金的显微组织、断口形貌、微观结构进行了分析，并对合金的韧化机制进行了初步的探讨。

The growth process of nanocrystalline copper particles into single crystals, induced by electron irradiation, has been observed by TEM, and Kikuchi lines exist in its electron diffiaction microphotograph, indicating that the thickness of the single crystal formed by electron irradiation is more than 100nm.

用γ射线辐照法成功地制备出Ag-Cu及Au-Cu合金粉末。通过改变实验条件如调节溶液中金属离子的浓度比则可控制所制备合金的组成。因此，发展γ射线辐照法制备合金粉末具有重要的应用价值。

In order to use electron beam in brazing of precise structures and thermo-sensitive materials,accommodating every kinds of curve brazing seams,a vacuum electron beam brazing temperature closed loop control system was developed using PID controller,electron beam scanning track editing and on-line adjusting technologies,real-time acquisition and handling of brazing temperature.

为了将电子束应用于精密构件及热敏感性材料钎焊，以适应复杂形状曲线钎焊缝的要求，采用电子束扫描轨迹编辑及在线调节、钎焊温度实时采集及PID控制器构建真空电子束钎焊温度闭环控制系统。

It was found that in the DC bias electric field, when the relaxation time of the hot-electrons in the electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction process is longer than the carrier life, the photoconductivity oscillation can be caused by the change of mobility in the process of optoelectronic transport, which is the main cause for the output electrical pulse to show oscillations.

分析了开关体内载流子的微观状态和输运过程，在直流偏置电场作用下，开关体内的热电子在电子-电子、电子-声子相互作用过程中，当它们的弛豫时间大于载流子的寿命时，光电子的输运可通过迁移率变化引起光电导振荡，这是开关输出电脉冲出现振荡的原因。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。