查询词典 electron energy level

The maximum increase of electron temperature in ionospheric F region is in the vicinity of reflect point of radio waves, and the changes of electron density have increase and decrease. The time scale of balance of electron temperature is tens of second, which is shorter than that of electron density, that is 2～3 minutes, and heating time scale for electron is good symmetry with that of cooling.

电子温度达到平衡态的时间大约为几十秒，而电子密度达到平衡态的时间则较长，大约为2～3分钟的量级，电子温度的加热时标和冷却时标具有很好的对称性，而且热传导过程十分明显。

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

Main Products: Flat water level gauge, two-color water level gauge, water level controller electrode, the electrode water-level alarm, special ballasts, electrode-type boiler water level automatic control alarm, float-type automatic control of boiler water level alarm, water tank level display device, liquid level controllers, hot-water boiler alarm, high water tank display controller, display controller pool water level, Water heating system controller.

主要产品：平板水位计、双色水位计、电极水位控制器、电极水位报警器、专用镇流器、电极式锅炉水位自动控制报警器、浮球式锅炉水位自动控制报警器、水箱液位显示仪、液位控制器、热水锅炉报警器、高位水箱显示控制器、水池水位显示控制器、供热系统补水控制器。

It is proposed that clear definition and discrimination of some relevant concepts and relationships on sea level and sea level change, eustasy and relative sea level, high frequency sea level and composite sea level, sea level rising falling, sea level fluctuation and sea level oscillation, sea level change and transgressive ...

对利用沉积记录来研究海平面变化的重视程度很高，但对海平面变化对沉积盆地的影响注意甚少。建议关注海平面升降变化对盆地充填物的作用，对沉积型矿床的控制和对大陆边缘地壳变形的反弹作用过程的研究及定量模拟是一个重要方向，它可能为大陆边缘动力学研究提供一方面的思路。

The company's main products are: single-color boiler water level gauge glass, quartz glass single two-color series of water level table; Maglev Series Direct Reading and Remote Level Gauge, magnetostrictive liquid level meter, electrode contact point and dual-listed water level gauge, inductive level sensors, external ultrasonic level gauge and a variety of liquid level sensor transmitter and control Alarm, etc. more than 10 types of level instrumentation.

公司的主要产品有：玻璃板单双色锅炉水位计、石英玻璃管式单双色系列水位表；磁浮式系列直读和远传液位计、磁致伸缩液位计、电极点及双联系列水位计、电感式水位传感器、外置式超声波液位计以及各种液位传感变送器，控制报警仪等十多个种类的物位仪表。

At last, the three level development strategies of commercial bank's enterprise pension business were proposed by using strategic management theory. These three level strategies are the corporate level strategies, the business level strategies and the operational level strategies. On the corporate level strategies, financial holding group model could be used to provide comprehensive enterprise pension service. On the business level strategies, the competitive strategies of differentiation and focus and the cooperative strategies used in the development of mixed management could be applied. On the operational level strategies, seven marketing development methods were proposed. They are fulfilling the construction of enterprise pension marketing channel, strengthening overall marketing and linkage marketing; differentiating customers and markets using multi-level marketing skill; strengthening advertisement of enterprise pension knowledge, developing potential customers of enterprise pension and etc.

最后，文章运用战略管理的理论方法全面提出了商业银行企业年金业务的三个层次发展战略：在公司层战略上，提出以金融控股集团模式提供企业年金综合服务；在业务层战略上，提出了以差异化和集中化为主的竞争战略和贯穿于混业经营发展过程中的合作战略；在经营层战略上提出了完善企业年金的营销渠道建设，加强整体营销、联动营销；细分客户、细分市场，采取多层次营销策略；加强企业年金知识的宣传普及，挖掘企业年金潜在客户等七大发展策略。

Halogenated aromatic compounds with great q〓(the most negative net atomic charges on an atom of the molecule), ENC (electron-nuclear attraction energy of the one-center term for the carbon atoms of the weakest carbon-halogen bond), qc (thenet atomic charges on the carbon atom of the weakest carbon-halogen bond) and E〓 tend to be reductively dehalogenated slow, while halogenated aromatic compounds with high values of △E (the difference of front-line orbital energy), EEC (electron-electron repulsion energy of the one-center term for the carbon atoms of the weakest carbon-halogen bond), Mw, q〓 and α tend to be reductively dehalogenated fast.

卤代芳烃化合物的整个分子的最负的原子净电荷，键序最小的碳卤键中碳原子的单中心项电子-核吸引能，该碳-卤键上碳原子的净电荷和E〓与该卤代芳烃化合物还原脱卤的速率常数负相关；而前线轨道间隙能，键序最小的碳卤键中碳原子的单中心项电子-电子推斥能，Mw，q〓和α与该卤代芳烃化合物还原脱卤的速率常数正相关。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

And energy sources are an important indemnitor to actualize the target. There are kinds of energy issues in the development these years. These issues include the gap issue between energy supply and demand, the structure issue of energy;the distributing issue of energy, per capital issues of energy,the efficiency issue of energy,and the proportion consume issue of energy.

中国正在向全面建设小康社会的伟大目标而奋进，能源是实现这一目标的重要保障，但是我国在多年的发展过程中还存在许多能源问题，这些问题主要包括能源缺口问题、能源结构问题、能源分布问题、能源人均问题、能源效率问题以及能源消耗比重问题。

Besides,maximal obstacle facing our country and Shanxi Province's energy conservation job is that the law guarantee is insufficient:(1)Our country's supporting system of energy conservation law and regulation is extremely not perfect;(2) our country's Constitution does not make the energy conservation legal status clearly,so that the legislation orientation of energy conservation law insists to hang down;(3)The maneuverability of current energy conservation law is not good;(4)It exists the phenomena of coyoting of Shanxi Province' coal resource and disorder construction of the sources of energy field,it lacks branch law and regulation,technical norms,energy conservation check mechanism of the relevance industry field on energy conservation.

此外，我国与山西省节能工作面临的最大障碍就是法律保障不足：①我国节能法规配套体系很不完善；②我国宪法没有明确节能的法律地位，导致节能法的立法定位偏低；③现行节能法可操作性差；④山西省煤炭等资源的滥采乱挖和能源领域的无序建设普遍存在，缺乏节能相关行业领域的部门法规、技术标准、节能考核机制。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。