查询词典 electrification

Chapter 1 of the dissertation reviews the developing history and the state-of-art of the study in electrification numerical simulation in thunderstorms, discuss the effect of electric environment on development of dynamics and microphysics, depicts the problems in this area.

第一章主要介绍了国内外关于雷暴起电数值模拟以及电环境对雷暴微物理和动力过程影响研究的现状，并分析了存在的问题。

Charges accumulation and electric field development within two convective clouds which had different degree of convection and wind shear in Changchun were simulated by introducing an improved noninductive charging mechanism including the influence of particle diameters and impact velocity into the three-dimensional dynamics and electrification coupled model.

在三维强风暴动力和电耦合数值模式的基础上，考虑了粒子直径及降落末速差对转移电荷的影响，把非感应起电参数化方案作了进一步改进，对长春地区两次不同强度、不同环境风切变的对流云内电荷累积和电场发展过程进行了模拟分析。

It is presented that indirect assimilation experiment of CMW data from TCFM method improves effectively not only on vertical velocity field but for precipitation.4 Based on theory analysis, E-Ir relationship is brought forward with two electrification mechanisms. One is inductive mechanism, i.e., cloud particles collide with precipitation particles then flick away, the other is noninductive mechanism because of different temperature, i.e., bigger supercooled cloud particles collide and freeze with hail particles combined with ice scraps. By means of CINRAD and FY2C data assimilation, precipitation intensity Ir can be obtained, then electric field intensity E, discharge time and locations can be achieved with supposed threshold 300KV/m. Though it can not distinguish between IC (Intra-Cloud) lightning and CG (Cloud-to-Ground) lightning, results are still comparable to LLS observations.5 Example analysis shows that the relationship between precipitation data from AMS and CG data from LLS is not very clear.

同化实验对于台风眼区的螺旋形雨带贡献显著，说明TCFM云导风资料同化实验不仅有效调整了模式的垂直速度场，还对降水模拟有了明显改善。4通过理论分析，利用云粒子与极化降水粒子碰撞并弹离的感应起电机制和较大过冷云滴与雹粒碰冻并产生冰屑的温差起电机制下得到的E-Ir，由雷达、卫星遥感资料直接和间接同化模拟得到Ir，来反推E，了解雷暴云中闪电强度的平面分布，设置放电阈值为300KV/m，推算出放电的位置和首次发生闪电的时间。

It is found that the current of oil flow electrification is maximum, minimal and intermediate in the case of pressboard paper, PTFE and metal iron respectively. Composition of new and aged oil is analyzed by DX-4 electron disperse analyzer.

通过固体材料表面特性对油流带电影响的研究，发现当固／液界面中的固体为绝缘纸板时，油流带电电流最大；当固体为聚四氟乙烯时，油流带电电流最小；当固体为金属铁板时，油流带电电流介于两者之间。

In addition it can real time watching and controlling what will be change about the temperature、the current and the voltage which belong to the electrification equipment.moreover it could take the com port and the umb communicate,later show the information to user.there is action that is dummy instrument.otherwise ,it can also change parameter,and suit different charger.

充电器可以实时采集电池的电压、电流，对充电过程进行智能控制，计算电池已充的电量和剩余的充电时间；并实时监控充电器材的温度、电流和电压大小以便调控充电进程，还可以通过串口和上位机进行通讯并给用户显示必要的信息，有虚拟仪表的作用；另外，它也可以改变参数，适应各种不同电池的充电。

During the research, some major factors is found out. By the analyses of game theory, this paper has compared the respective benefits of government, users and suppliers and given an acceptant electrification price so as to establish a referenced decision-making system for popularizing EV.

然后通过博弈分析比较，对政府、使用者和充电方共同形成的三方博弈分别进行比较分析，均衡三方各自利益取向，给出了三方均可接受的充电电价浮动区间，从而为电动汽车的推广提供一定的决策参考依据。

Results Pores were detected both on electrified erythrocytes and leukocytes with round or ellipse shapes. The erythrocytes often have one or more pores while the leukocytes often have more pores looked like cribble. The rates of perforated cells were increased with the prolonging time of electrification, 5 s with 6% and 1min increased to 40%.

结果 电击后，即可以观察到红细胞与白细胞的细胞膜穿孔，其中红细胞穿孔可为一个或多个，形状多为圆形或卵圆形，白细胞穿孔则为多个，呈筛网状；穿孔细胞数随电击时间延长而增多；电击5s时为6%左右，以后逐渐增加，至电击1min时，穿孔细胞数可达40%左右。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The particle in the anion and air grown collides, electrifies it, the electrification particulate matter is easy to affix to the wall , the surface of mirror , floor, achieve the goal of purifying air.

另外从竹炭中产生的负离子与空气中的颗粒碰撞，使其带电，这些带电颗粒物容易附着在墙壁、镜面、地板上，达到净化空气的目的。

Agricultural engineering profession has played a vital role in mechanizing agriculture, from farm machinery to rural electrification, from designing clear span wood trusses to protecting surface and ground water.

农业工程类专业在从农业机械化到农村电气化、从净跨末屋架设计到地下和地表水保护等领域的机械化农业过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。