查询词典 elasticity of supply

Third,the paper sets up a mathematical model for indirect tax shifting through algebraic method, it concludes a general rule on indirect tax shifting from VAT payers to others, the buyers only takes the full tax burden when there isn't any demand elasticity or full supply elasticity, and the sellers only takes the full tax burden when there is full supply elasticity or no demand elasticity, sellers and buyers share the tax burden respectively, the tax share amount has a straight line dependence to the commodity demand or supply elasticity, the proportion of indirect tax burden of sellers equal to the proportion between demand elasticity and the sum of demand and supply elasticity.

第三，本文用代数推理的办法推导出测算间接税税负转嫁的代数模型，从而得出增值税纳税人间接税税负转嫁的一般规律：销售者和购买者各自负担部分税负，其负担的份额取决于商品供求弹性的对比关系，销售者负担的间接税税负比例等于需求弹性系数占供求弹性系数之和的比例。

Forth, the dissertation dicuss the characterastic of leisure service's supply, channel of supply, the major factors influence the supply of leisure service, and leisure service aggregate supply upward rule.The major factors influence leisure service supply include the price of leisure service, the technique level and latticing level of leisure service's supply, cost of supply, enterprise size, the producers expectation to the future. The channel of leisure service's supply is mainly include self-supply, supply by private sector, supply by public sector, supply by voluntary sector international supply.

接着，论文讨论了休闲服务供给的特点、供给渠道、影响休闲服务供给的主要因素，以及休闲服务总供给上升律，认为影响休闲服务供给的主要因素包括休闲服务的价格、休闲服务供给的技术水平和网络化水平、供给成本、企业规模及生产者对未来的预期；休闲服务供给的渠道则主要有自我供给、私人部门供给、公共部门供给、志愿性部门供给和国际供给。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

With reference to the experience of specific practice on strategic alliance in typical domestic and overseas port like New Jersey Port in New York, port of Kaohsiung, Keelung and Taizhong, major ports in Yangtze River Delta, the possible modes of Rizhao Port strategic alliance were proposed. Based on the previous analysis, specific design on the supply chain management system of Rizhao Port viewing from strategic alliance was given in this dissertation, which mainly covered two aspects. On the one hand, based on the overall review of common design process, structure design and selection of partnership of supply chain management, and with consideration of the development trend of Rizhao Port, the double-sector style supply chain structure mode of Rizhao Port was put forward based on strategic alliance. On the other hand, in order to make it more clear on the specific process and contents of this kind of supply chain structure, the specific implementation of five supply chain for Rizhao Port in which capital was taken as the hub were proposed, named as, the coal supply chain based on norm regular ship transport mode, the ironstone supply chain based on cost optimization, the crude oil transport supply chain with the aim of extending petrifaction industrial chain, the timber transport supply chain based on circulating economy concept, and the farming transport supply chain based on futures theory.

在前文分析的基础上，论文重点论述了基于战略战略联盟的日照港口供应链管理的总体框架构建和具体规划设计两方面：一方面，在对供应链管理一般构建流程、结构设计、供需均衡及合作伙伴选择等方面进行全面总结基础上，并结合日照港口的发展趋势，推出了基于纵向战略联盟的日照港口集团式双扇形供应链结构模型；另一方面，为进一步理清日照港口双扇形供应链结构中相关供应链的具体流程及内容，特提出了以资本为纽带日照港口五大供应链的具体设计，即基于准班轮运输模式的日照港煤炭供应链，基于成本最优化日照港口铁矿石供应链，以延伸石化产业链为目标的日照港原油运输供应链，基于循环经济理念的日照港木材运输供应链，基于期货理论的农业定单式日照港农业运输供应链。

To aim at the differences in the ingredients which should be considered when different cooperative partners are chosen in virtual supply chain, the evaluation index system of upstream cooperative partner, downstream cooperative partner and logistics enterprise in networked virtual supply chain are established. Based on the differences of constructive technologies of traditional supply chain, the cooperative partner selection mode of networked virtual supply chain is established. The application of AHP in cooperative partner selection of virtual supply chain is researched. The dynamic construction mechanism of networked virtual supply chain is put forward to deal with all kinds of exceptions in the supply chain execution.

之后，针对在选择虚拟供应链上的不同合作伙伴过程中考虑因素的不同，分别建立了网络化制造环境下虚拟供应链上游合作伙伴的评价指标体系、下游合作伙伴的评价指标体系和物流企业的评价指标体系；比较分析了传统供应链的组建技术，建立了网络化虚拟供应链的合作伙伴选择过程模型，并具体研究了层次分析法在虚拟供应链合作伙伴选择中的应用；提出了网络化虚拟供应链的动态组建机制，以应对虚拟供应链运行过程出现的各种例外情况。

The application of EC (E-Supply Chain) electronic supply chain based on the integration of Internet economy and supply chain have changed the stability and the incidence of supply chain, and also changed the sequential information transmission way of traditional supply chain, and provide the basis for the more dynamic and extensive networks relationship of supply chain, and consequently make many enterprises enter into the supply chain alliance with lower cost.

这种基于Internet的经济平台与供应链集成在一起的EC(E-Supply Chain)电子供应链的应用改变了供应链的稳定性和影响范围，也改变了传统的供应链上信息逐级传递的方式，为创建更为动态、广泛的供应链网络关系提供了基础，使许多企业能以较低的成本加入到供应链联盟中。

And tower water supply drainage work is compared with in general multilayer building and low tier of buildings water supply drainage work , fundamental theory and reckoning are identical in the field of some , tier of numbers are many because of the tower , the building altitude is big , the building function is broad , building structure is complicated but, what be accepted the external world condition restricting waits, tower water supply drainage work is listed in disregarding being to be still extent on technology depth,have exceeded low tier of buildings water supply drainage work category, The number having the following few characteristics tower water supply draining off equipment is many and, instant the source of water that the rate of flow giving a water yield and draining away water depends on , rational water supply of economy sewerage form and , breathable appropriate treatment draining off pipeline problem and, to ensure that water supply safety is reliable , the administration draining away water unobstructed and defending is convenient.

高层建筑给水排水工程与一般多层建筑和低层建筑给水排水工程相比，基本理论和计算方法在某些方面是相同的，但因高层建筑层数多、建筑高度大、建筑功能广、建筑结构复杂，以及所受外界条件的限制等，高层建筑给水排水工程无论是在技术深度上，还是广度上，都超过了低层建筑物的给水排水工程的范畴，并且有以下一些特点高层建筑给水排水设备的使用人数多，瞬时的给水量和排水流量靠的水源，以及经济合理的给水排水系统形式，并妥善处理排水管道的通气问题，以保证供水安全可靠、排水通畅和维护管理方便。

Newcharacteristics of supply include: the transmission of Net-commodity I through intemet--intemet supply, and the direct supply caused by the reduction in the links of commodity circulation. Because of its unique cost structure, the supply of Net-commodity I is that of zero marginal cost and its supply curve is level. What is corresponding with demand expression is mass customization, and thus leading to the integration of supply and demand.

在供给上的新特点包括：网络商品Ⅰ通过网络的传输——网络化供给；流通环节减少导致的直接化供给；由于独特的成本结构，网络商品Ⅰ的供给是零边际成本的供给，它的供给曲线是水平的；与需求的表达相对应的是定制化供给，由此也导致了供给和需求一体化的趋势。

The supply chain integrates a status":This research investigates the status of the supply chain integration with the standpoint of the organization function and the closed path standpoint; Function standpoint :Enhance the enterprise internal function, promote supply chain integration worth, include a green environmental protection supply chain, supply chain security etc. value activity, carry on horizontal and vertical to integrate a promotion project; Closed path standpoint :Get into an international marketing by the integration value of the closed path, the different industry that creates a supply chain to totally use closed path and look for to have a closed path resource carries on an alliance and develops the value of the closed path integration."

供应链整合状态」：本研究以组织功能观点及通路观点来探究供应链整合状态；功能观点：强化企业内部功能，促进供应链整合价值，包含绿色环保供应链、供应链安全等价值活动，进水平与垂直整合推动计画；通路观点：以通路的整合价值进入国际市场销，建供应链共用通、寻求具有通资源的业进盟，发挥通路整合价值。

At first, this paper makes a systematic exposition of the content of supply-chain, supply-chain-management, purchasing in supply chain and purchasing management in supply chain environment and builds the theoretical foundation of this paper. Then, Make out the material classification from the acquirability of supply market and essentiality of material. Then based on this conclusion bring forward the proper purchasing strategies for Wuxi Weifu Group Co., Ltd. such as win-win strategy, ensure supply strategy, minimize cost strategy and minimize managerial cost strategy. Then sets up evaluated indexes system of short-term-efficiency-suppliers and long-term-efficiency-suppliers, applying the Fuzzy-evaluation method to evaluate suppliers. At the end of this paper, taking Wuxi Weifu Group Co., Ltd. as a case, comparing the status of its purchasing and supplier management, it puts forward some improvement suggestions to the existing problems in light of the above analysis such as the establishment and improvement of management information system, reengineering of purchasing organization and process, establishment of evaluated indexes system and implement of Just-in-time purchase.

本文首先系统的阐述供应链及供应链管理，供应链管理下的采购和采购管理的内容，从而构筑了本文的理论基础；继而，从物料采购的市场可得性和物料的重要性两种维度将物料分为战略性物料、瓶颈物料、重要物料、一般物料，在此基础上结合无锡威孚公司产品提出了相应的双赢、保障供应、最低成本、管理成本最小等采购策略；接着，建立了短/长期效率型供应商综合评价的指标体系；运用模糊综合评判方法对供应商的选择与评价体系进行了研究；最后，以无锡威孚集团有限公司为案例进行研究，结合前述的理论框架，通过对其采购和供应商管理现状的比较分析，找出不足之处，提出了改进建议和设想，如管理信息系统的建立和完善、采购组织和流程的重构、供应商选择评价体系的建立、即时制采购的实施等方案。

The witness also told the jury at the Royal Courts of Justice in London that he saw a paparazzo fighting with a member of the public who was trying to stop him taking pictures in the minutes before the emergency services arrived.

他还告诉在伦敦皇家法庭的陪审团，在急救服务到来之前，他当时看见一个狗仔队正和一群阻止他拍照的人打架。

The entire N／C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks.

纸带上的整个数控程序由这些连续数据单元连接而成。