查询词典 elasticity of substitution

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

中文摘要：成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

Secondly, this paper set up the diffusion model of innovation incorporating price, advertising and distribution, and given the optimal diffusion equation and characterized qualitatively optimum price, advertising and distribution. Furthermore, it studied the ratio relations among the advertising elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of demand and the distribution elasticity of demand. Finally studied the influence of marketing mix variables to the technology diffusion.

然后建立了含商品定价、广告费用和销售费用等的技术创新扩散模型，给出了扩散最优方程和商品价格、广告费用和销售费用的最优曲线，进一步地，本文分析了广告费用对需求的弹性、商品定价对需求的弹性以及销售费用对需求的弹性之间的比例关系，探讨了这些外部市场变量对创新扩散的影响。

Result 3.1 Ultrasound result We amended the criterrion little which Hitachicommpany offered. According as the criterion, it is 1 score if liver tissues have notdifference of elasticity and there are green in the region of interest. It is 2 score ifliver tissues have not significance difference of elasticity and there are blue in greenin the region of interest. It is 3 score if liver tissues have difference of elasticity andthere are green in the region of interest of normal liver tissues and blue in the region of interest of abnormal liver tissues. After examination, we anatomised rats and gotliver tissues for pathologic checkout.

结果 3.1超声检查情况根据日立公司提供的评分标准，稍做修改，将肝组织弹性无差异，取样框内颜色均为绿色，评为1分；肝组织弹性无明显差异，取样框中颜色为绿色中微微带点蓝色，评为2分；肝组织弹性有差异，取样框内正常肝组织弹性变化为绿色，病变肝组织弹性变化为蓝色，评为3分。

Three of the most commonly used demand elasticities are price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand.

最常用的三种需求弹性是需求的价格弹性，需求的收入弹性以及需求的交叉价格弹性。

In this paper, test research have been performed on the two important mechanical properties indicator compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus. Numerical simulation has been performed on the base of results of test under the situation uniform and uneven thickness of elastomer layer, which analyze internal stress distribution of the elastomeric bearing, as follows:(1) The traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test are rather cumbersome and take up experimentalists lots of time. This paper has improved the traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test, which has collected the holding-load time together to concentrate on holding load. The tests have been performed on different types of bearings, which results show that the results of the improved test method conform to the error range regulated by the standard and can effectively save time for the experimentalists, also eliminate the accumulative error.

本文主要对板式橡胶支座的抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量两个重要力学性能指标进行试验研究，并在试验结果的基础上对均匀胶层厚度和不均匀胶层厚度两种情况进行数值模拟，分析橡胶支座内部应力分布规律，具体内容如下：(1)传统抗压弹性模量试验方法比较繁琐，占用试验人员大量时间，本文对传统抗压弹性模量试验方法进行了改进，将持荷时间集中起来进行集中持荷，通过对不同类型支座进行试验，试验结果表明该改进试验方法所得结果符合标准规定误差范围，为试验人员节省了大量时间，并且还消除了传统方法中的累计误差。

The effects various kinds of government finance expenditure act on economic growth are relationship with its proportion, output elasticity and its power of substitution elasticity.

各种财政支出对经济增长的作用与其占财政总支出的比例、产出弹性的替代弹性之幂有关。

Owing to the difficulty of determining demand price elasticity and substitution of elasticity, and the complication of relationships between variable, it is hard to quantify the impairment of trade.

量化经济分析方法在平衡不同的政策目标，削减关税和其他贸易壁垒，授权贸易报复水平中有不可或缺的作用。

We also show that the economic effects of energy taxations depend on the degree of substitution between production factors. As we know, the elasticity of substitution is the degree of ease with which the firm can buy energy efficient equipments when energy costs increase.

本研究同时模拟在相同的CO2的减量幅度，会因本文所设定的参数值区间而有不同的能源税课徵幅度，最大值高於最小值达75%，显示要素替代弹性的设定对气候变迁政策的拟定具相当影响性。

We provide a substitution box, exponential permutation which has much measurable security, and give a enumerating result and a fast algorithm of calculating such permutation. An almost perfect nonlinear exponential permutation with high algebric degree is proposed. with some discussion on how to select the parameters of such permutation. The experimental result shows us a conjecture that there exists no such permutation over even dimensional space. As a way of generating substitution boxes, we briefly point out the cryptographic weakness of the exponential functions derived from such permutation. We also present two new cryptographic indexes, fixed point and cyclic structure, on which we investigate the performance of such permutation. Finally, we give a viewpoint about the application of correlation immune functions in designing substitution boxes.

提供了一种可度量安全强度的代换盒－幂置换；详细阐述了幂置换的实现和计数问题；给出了一种计算幂置换的快速算法；从几乎完善非线性幂置换角度讨论了幂置换参数的选取，并提出了一种高次几乎完善非线性置换；通过试验给出了关于偶数维空间上几乎完善非线性幂置换的一个猜想；简要给出了由幂置换派生出的幂函数的密码局限性；针对幂置换，提出了两个密码安全指标：不动点和循环结构；证明了幂置换在这两个指标下的密码性能；简要讨论了相关免疫函数与代换盒设计的关系。

The gene substitution model analysis showed thatsubstitution of B for C allele at αs1-Casein locus had a significant(p＜0.05)effect on305-day milk yield,but not for milk fat percent;substitution of A1at β-Casein locus had ainfluence on 305-day milk yield,fat and protein percent;substitution of A at κ-Casein andβ-Lactoglobulin loci had no significant effect on all production performance.

基因替代模型的分析表明，αs1-CN位点B基因对C的替代显著影响305天产奶量，对乳脂率无显著影响，β-CN A1基因的替代对305天产奶量乳脂率和乳蛋率均有显著影响作用，κ-CN和β-LG位点A基因的替代对生产性能均无显著效应。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48