查询词典 elasticity of substitution

The results of pharmacological assays, together with the structural characterization of the derivatives, indicate that immunomodulatory activity of glucan derivatives not only depends on the glycosyl residue linkages and sugar chain conformation, but also is closely related to the nature of functional groups, degree of substitution and its distribution in a glycosyl residue and along the sugar chain.

免疫药理分析表明，不同结构和电荷特性的取代基的引入可以极大地改变原多糖的免疫调节活性，不同取代度的同一种取代基也可能具有完全不同的免疫调节效应。

These results, together with the structural elucidation of the purified polysaccharides described above, indicate that the α-glucans in G. lucidum don't have any remarkable immunomdulating activities, but the effects of β-glucans on immune system depend on their glycosyl residue linkages and sugar chain conformation. Further, it is concluded that the 1, 3-linked backbone, relative lower side chain size and substitution, and a high-organized helical structure are the beneficial structural features for the immunostimulatory activity of β-D-glucans. However, the 1, 6-linked backbone may induce the immunosuppressive effect of β-D-glucans.

结合各纯化多糖的结构与构象分析的结果，可以得出以下结论：赤灵芝中的α-型葡取糖不具有显著的免疫调节作用，而β-型葡聚糖的免疫作用则与其糖链结构和糖链构象有密切关系，1，3-连接的主链，较低的分支取代率和较短的支链长度及高度有序的螺旋结构是β-型葡聚糖发挥免疫增强功能的有利结构因素，相反，1，6-连接的主链却可能引起多糖的免疫抑制作用。

The complexes 7 and 8 with mixed ligands 1, 2-bidentate thiolate and monodentateP〓 or PBu〓 ligands were synthesized from "building block"〓 L = P〓 or〓 through "trans-substitution" reaction of S and N atoms from mpt〓.

在14中，Zn为〓四配位的四面体构型，并通过分子内和分子间氢键形成〓维链。15中，Zn为〓五配位的四方锥构型，配位的〓来自2，2'-二硫水杨酸发生的脱硫反应。

The tested results showed that the substitution mutation of Intron 17 was found in white pigs, including Wuzhishan pigs, Landrace and Yorkshire, and its genotype frequency was 1, 1 and 0.8 respectively.

结果表明：内含子17 上的替换突变发生于毛色为白色的个体——白色五指山猪、大白猪、长白猪上，其基因型频率分别为1、1和0.8；其他中国地方猪种的此基因型频率均为0。

This method make certain improvement on taking spots and selecting spells pastes; Then, analyze the existing two- Dimension IFS plant simulation the shadow-making technology, and make further improvements, by the linear substitution to the picture element, eliminated the phenomenon of tree"s shadow deviation tree body"s.

此方法在取点和选取拼贴方式两个方面都做了一定的改进；然后，分析了已有的二维IFS模拟植物的阴影绘制技术，并且对已有的阴影绘制方法作了改进，通过对象素点进行线性变换，消除了在绘制过程中树影偏离树体的现象。

The linear mixed-effects model presented by Laird and Ware(1982) is a more flexible model for repeated measures. Upon substitution, the linear mixed-effects model can be always expressed in terms of the two stage model and vice-versa.

线性混合效应模型最早由Laird和Ware(1982)提出，它在分析重复测量资料时非常灵活；同时按照替代法，在一定条件下，线性混合效应模型与两阶段模型可相互转化；此外，线性混合效应模型在对不同方差—协方差结构建模时更加便捷。

Then gives judging the vector linear relevance by the value of determinant, the order of matrix, the solution to uneven sublinear system of equations, Cramer principle, linear substitution, the theory of matrix and so on in the linear space and Ou Shi space, produces 13 equivalences of the vector linearity relevant under the dissimilar condition, and elaborates the widespread application of the vector linearity relevant through concrete examples.

在线性空间、欧氏空间中给出了运用行列式的值、矩阵的秩、齐次线性方程组的解、Cramer法则、线性变换、矩阵理论等知识来判定向量的线性关系，及不同条件下向量线性相关性的十三个等价命题，并通过具体例题阐述向量线性相关性的广泛应用。

In chap.2,the author discussed the effect of A site substitution on gaintmagnetoresistance in the manganese oxide perovskite.

第二章，讨论了A位离子对锰氧化物巨磁电阻效应的影响。

Low molecular N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosans with different degrees of substitution were synthesized under heterogeneous conditions by controlling the reaction temperature,the reaction time and the molar ratio of low molecular weight chitosan to chloroacetic acid.

采用不同反应温度、反应时间和低分子量壳聚糖与氯乙酸摩尔比，在非均相反应体系中合成了不同取代度的低分子量N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖。

We have synthesized a series of 4,4′ perfluoro-alkylated bipyridine ligands[4,4′- bis(RfCH2OCH2)-2,2′-bipyridine , Rf=HC4F8(1a), HC8F16(1b), C3F7(1c) and C10F21 (1d)] by nucleophilic substitution reactions. The reaction of fluorinated alkoxide on 4,4′-bis-2,2′-bipyridine results in the systheses of these four fluorinated ligands. These reactions are high yieldings and purification is easy. The structures are analyzed by GC-MASS、NMR、FT-IR etc.

中文摘要我们已合成出一系列在联吡啶的4，4′位置有两个氟化烷基侧链的联吡啶配位基[4，4′-bis(RfCH2OCH2)-2，2′-bipyridine ， Rf=HC4F8(1a)， HC8F16(1b)， C3F7(1c)及C10F21(1d)]，经由亲核取代反应，由4，4′-bis-2，2′-bipyridine反应而得，并具有不错的产率，其纯化也简易可行，所合成之产物并可用GC-MASS、NMR、FT-IR鉴定其化学结构。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48