查询词典 elasticity of substitution

When business operators increase price to a small extent, not all demanders respond to substitution in the same way.

在经营者小幅提价时，并不是所有需求者的替代反应都是相同的。

In principle, from the perspective of demanders, the higher the substitution level of the commodities, the more intense the competitive relationship between them, and the more possible that they belong to a same relevant market.

原则上，从需求者角度来看，商品之间的替代程度越高，竞争关系就越强，就越可能属于同一相关市场。

Further isomerization and substitution of this central intermediate leads to the synthesis of other flavonoids. CHSs has been isolated from different plant species, including both monocots and dicots, some of their genomic DNAs and/or cDNAs have also been isolated.

目前，包括单子叶和双子叶植物的很多物种中，有的物种查尔酮合成酶已经得到纯化且基因组、cDNA克隆得到分离，有的或者得到了纯化酶，或者分离得到了基因组、cDNA克隆。

Our results demonstrate that, with the partially substitution of Fe with Ni inthe parent compounds BaFe_2As_2, there is no SDW transition exiting inthese three dopings but only superconducting transition.

利用高分辨角分辨光电子能谱技术对新型铁基超导体BaFe_(2-x)Ni_xAs_2(x=0.1，0.16，0.2)单晶样品的电子结构进行了系统研究。

The results show that glass ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient of 5.11×10^(-6)℃, major phase of α-cordierite and ε=5.5, tan σ=2.1×10^(-4) can be prepared by the addition of 3.6% alkalis (Li2O+Na2O), and Li2O occupies 1.8%. With Li2O substitution for Na2O, spontaneous crystallization is obviously enhanced, and temperature of the first crystallization peak decreases from 950℃ to nearly 900℃, but the crystallization temperature of the second peak was not varied. With the increase of Li2O content, mixed alkali effect can be observed from the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric loss curve which decreases first and then increases. Dielectric constant decreases monotonously with the increase of Li2O content.

研究结果表明：Li2O和Na2O总含量为3.6%，其中Li2O含量为1.8%时，微晶玻璃以α-堇青石为主晶相，热膨胀系数为5.11×10^(-6)℃，微波频率下介电常数ε为5.5，介电损耗tanσ为2.1×10^(-4)；随着Li对Na的取代，玻璃的析晶能力增强，初始析晶峰温度从950℃降至900℃左右，但没有降低第二析晶峰温度；随着Li2O含量增加，热膨胀系数及介电损耗都出现明显的混合碱效应，曲线呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；样品的介电常数随Li2O含量增加单调降低。

The results show that glass ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient of 5.11×106 ℃, major phase of α-cordierite and εr=5.5, tan σ=2.1×104 can be prepared by the addition of 3.6% alkalis(Li2O+Na2O), and Li2O occupies 1.8%. With Li2O substitution for Na2O, spontaneous crystallization is obviously enhanced, and temperature of the first crystallization peak decreases from 950 ℃ to nearly 900 ℃, but the crystallization temperature of the second peak was not varied. With the increase of Li2O content, mixed alkali effect can be observed from the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric loss curve which decreases first and then increases. Dielectric constant decreases monotonously with the increase of Li2O content.

研究结果表明：Li2O和Na2O总含量为3.6%，其中Li2O含量为1.8%时，微晶玻璃以α-堇青石为主晶相，热膨胀系数为5.11×106 ℃，微波频率下介电常数ε r为5.5，介电损耗tan σ为2.1×104；随着Li+对Na+的取代，玻璃的析晶能力增强，初始析晶峰温度从950 ℃降至900 ℃左右，但没有降低第二析晶峰温度；随着Li2O含量增加，热膨胀系数及介电损耗都出现明显的混合碱效应，曲线呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；样品的介电常数随Li2O含量增加单调降低。

The feldspars are the main reservoir of the whole rock phosphorus, and the phosphorus goes into feldspars structure in the form of PAlSi-2 substitution.

，长石是磷的主要赋存矿物，磷以PAlSi-2替换方式进入长石结构中。

Our results showed 1 The changes in trends of leaf traits response to the rainfall gradient differed either with species or with a specific trait; 2）The same trends were found at the functional group level, However, leaf traits for grasses tends to be less sensitive, then for forbs, and the legumes is the most sensitive functional group along the rainfall gradient, indicated that the Grass function group is quite strong to the soil moisture content tolerance, and which certainly explained to the local vegetation distribution and the substitution between species.

主要结论如下：1 叶片性状在降雨量梯度上的变化趋势在物种水平上表现出多样化的特点，性状的变化趋势是否有显著的格局取决于物种或特定性状。2 叶片性状对水分梯度的响应在功能群水平上表现出各自的特点，Grass功能群对水分梯度的响应敏感性较低，Forb居中，Legume表现出较强的敏感性，表明Grass功能群对水分的耐受性比较强，这在一定程度上解释了当地克氏针茅草原上目前以禾草类为主的现状，对物种之间的替代有一定的指示性。

Methods Subjects included 9 patients with the ACL ruputure who had arthroscopic double-bundle ACL reconstruction. The surgery was using suture button plate for fixation of a dual-beam four-stranded hamstring tendons as ACL substitution.

关节镜下以双束四股自体腘绳肌肌腱作为ACL替代物，应用缝线纽扣钢板进行移植物固定，对9例ACL断裂的患者行ACL双束重建术。

This paper reviews the mechanism of the phase transfer catalytic reaction according to the different compositions of catalytists, including quaternary ammonium salts,polyethylene glycols and grown ethers as well as application of the PTC in Organic synthesis , such as the reaction of,nucleophilic substitution,addition,condensation,oxidation-reduction and so on.

综述了在不同催化剂结构下所遵循的相转移催化反应机理，包括季铵盐类、聚乙二醇类及冠醚类催化机理，以及相转移催化在有机合成中的应用，如亲核取代反应、加成反应、缩合反应、氧化还原反应

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48