查询词典 elasticity of substitution

This paper discusses the Wheatstone bridge resistor precision measurement and calibration methods, and analyses the interpolation, and the substitution of system error.

本文探讨了惠斯登电桥精确测量和校准电阻的方法，并分析了内插法和代换法的系统误差。

Esterification process of a reversible step wereresolved as two irreversible steps,then chemical decomposition of wood components weredecreased in liquid acid catalyst.Experiments showed that crosslinking catalysts took catalysisrole on two process in the esterification,(1)five cyclic anhydrides formed by dehydration ofpolycarboxylic acids,(2)esters occurred by substitution between five cyclic anhydrides andwood.

实验中的反应过程使一般的酯化一步可逆反应，分解为两步不可逆反应，减少了液相酸催化过程的木材组分化学降解；交联反应催化剂对于多元羧酸类化合物与木材组分的酯化反应具有两个过程的催化作用：(1)多元羧酸脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体；(2)木材与五元酸酐中间体亲核取代反应形成酯。

Therefore esterification crosslinked reactionbetween polyearboxylic acid and wood can be quantitatively determined.According toexperiment results of stereoscopic configuration choices by crosslinking agents,crosslinkingreaction between model of reaction intermediate and wood,and the intermediate characteristic incrosslinking reaction,crosslinking reaction intermediate was proofed.We can infercrosslinking reactions between polycarboxylicacid and wood want through a mechanism of twosteps reaction process,the first cyclic anhydrides were formed as intermediates by dehydratingbetween hydroxyls in polycarboxylic acids,second esters were occurred by substitution reactionbetween wood hydroxyls and cyclic anhydrides.

从而可全面定量表征木材与多元羧酸类化合物的酯化交联反应；依据交联剂立体构型选择性、反应中间体模型物与木材的交联反应和交联反应中间体的波谱特征实验结果，证实了交联反应中间体，因此可以推测：多元羧酸类化合物与木材化学组分的交联反应是经历两步反应的机理，首先多元羧酸中相邻羧基的羟基之间脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体，然后木材的羟基与酸酐发生亲核取代反应形成酯。

Many participation enterprises have demonstrated the independent research and development technology: The Guangdong Mengnalisha ceramics Limited company's most new high science and technology ceramics product ---"the PP board", its thickness only has 5.5 millimeters, had passed on the integrated construction ceramic all functions, but its needed materials were merely the traditional ceramics 1/3, thus has saved raw material amount used greatly, reduced the packing transportation cost; Beijing passes permanently innovates wooden models the technological progress Limited company independent research and development the lumber substitution product match woodware, has the waterproof moisture-proof anticorrosion, the intensity to be high, the turnover number of times many, can recycle, characteristics and so on environmental protection, security; Dalian iceberg group take the technology and the talented person as a backing, makes light highly effective, safe reliable Leng Re, the ecology, the energy conservation, the environmental protection new product with all one's strength, is also the exhibition luminescent spot.

很多参展企业展示了自主研发的技术：广东蒙娜丽莎陶瓷有限公司的最新高科技陶瓷产品———"PP板"，其厚度仅有5.5毫米，具备了传统建陶的所有功能，但其用料仅仅是传统陶瓷的1/3，从而大大节省了原料用量，减少了包装运输成本；北京恒通创新木塑科技发展有限公司自主研发的木材替代产品赛木制品，具有防水防潮防腐、强度高、周转次数多、能回收、环保、安全等特性；大连冰山集团以技术和人才为依托，全力打造的轻型高效、安全可靠的冷热、生态、节能、环保新产品，也是展会亮点。

We generally and I think rightly applaud the substitution of workfare for welfare, because welfare promotes dependency by taxing work heavily--if welfare is cut off when the recipient's income reaches, say,$20,000 a year, so that if he was receiving welfare payments in cash or kind worth $2,000 an increase in his income to $23,000 will net him only $1,000 ($23,000 -$2,000 =$1,000), this means that his marginal income tax rate is .67--a potent discouragement to working.

我们大都赞成用工作福利（按：领取福利金的失业者要参与公益活动等工作）来取代社会保障福利，我认为这是理所应当的，因为社会保障福利制度对参加劳动课以重税而徒增加了人们对社会救助的依赖性——如果一个领着社会保障金的人收入达到

N-soliton solutions is constructed in the terms of Wronskian and is verified by direct substitution to satisfy the bilinear equation and the associated B〓cklund transformation respectively.

得到了该方程的双线性形式以及B〓cklund变换的双线性形式及普通形式；构造了该方程Wronskian形式下的孤子解，并从双线性方程和双线性B〓cklund变换两个角度对解进行了直接验证。

The aim of this thesis is to synthesize some new chiral quaternary ammonium salts and bis-quaternary ammonium salts from the popular material------Chloramphenicoland abietic acid, and then we used these chiral quaternary ammonium salts in some substitution reactions and addition reactions in order to research their catalytic action and asymmetric induction.

本文利用廉价易得的手性物质——氯霉素和去氢枞酸为初始原料，合成了几种新的季铵盐类手性相转移催化剂，扩大了手性相转移催化剂的来源，并把它们应用于取代反应和加成反应，以探讨其催化机理和不对称诱导效应。

After climbing oil price, people try their bests to substitute petroleum by other energy, so the price of energy for substitution shall also be accordantly climbing, thus further increasing production cost of enterprises and the whole commodity price.

油价上涨后，人们试图用其他能源来替代石油，于是替代能源的价格也会水涨船高，带动企业生产成本和整体物价水平进一步上升。

The enzymatic digestibility of native and acetated tapioca starches with different degree of substitution was investigated in in-vitro digest model stimulated the human intestine tract and the resistant starch content was determined using Megazyme total starch assay kit.

采用生物体外消化模型模拟人体消化道环境，对不同取代度的醋酸酯化木薯淀粉的消化速率进行了研究；用微生物酶对醋酸酯化木薯淀粉进行生物降解并测定各个样品的抗消化淀粉含量。

And then the expressing level of AcrAB was detected by Western blotting. The results indicated that the level of resistance to fluoroquinolones of isolates appeared closely correlated with substitution in GyrA and ParC, but expressing level of AcrAB had not significant changes.

序列分析及AcrA的Western blotting检测结果表明，临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药水平与GyrA和ParC的突变密切相关，而AcrAB外输泵的表达水平无显著变化。

You can snipe the second and third union leaders from this position.

您可以鹬第二和第三工会领袖从这一立场出发。

Aiming at the currently shortage of XML streams quality detecting, this paper proposes a new forecasting method of XML streams quality by least squares support vector machines, which is used the method of XML keys' vector matrix as windows, and vector product wavelet transform to multilevel decompose and refactor the XML streams series, that can fulfill real-time checking demand of XML quality, and ensure constraint, consist- ency and integrality. For even more adapting net load, it proposes a control strategy by weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure XML streams quality.

针对当前XML数据流质量检测存在的不足，提出构建XML键的矢量矩阵作为窗口，利用矢量积小波变换多级分解与重构XML数据流，再结合最小二乘支持向量机对XML数据流质量进行预测的一种方法，满足XML数据流质量重构时实时检测的要求，保证XML数据的约束性、一致性与完整性；为了更好的适应网络负载，采取加权与自适应窗口调整等调度策略充分保证XML数据流的质量检测。