查询词典 elasticity of demand

According to human being demand level theory, we should introduce inherent restrains and incentive mechanism, which emphasizes the highest-level demand of human beings, that is demand of self-development and self-realizing.

按照人类基本需求层次理论，引入内在约束与激励机制就是要注重人的最高层次需求，即自我发展、自我实现的需求。

In view of High uncertainty exists in city land reserve system, and land demand prediction is a foundation for the confirmation of quantity of land reserve. Seasonal demand prediction model of city land is constructed by fitting ARIMA model with EViews soft, and has passed Box-Pierce Q test, which has shown that the model constructed is applicable in predicting the land demand of the city.

针对城市土地储备系统具有较高的不确定性及土地储备的滞后性，土地需求预测是土地储备数量合理确定的基础，利用EViews拟合ARIMA模型，建立了城市土地季节性需求预测模型，并通过了博克斯—皮尔斯Q统计量法检验，表明建立的模型适用于城市土地需求的动态分析和预测。

The article is mixed from peculiar resource breed the peculiar merchandise assortment that contacts to it, the market demand of open sex, market demand of differential sex and competitive market demand, the respect such as the level of content of science and technology of the level of development production technology of peculiar breed and commodity undertook limitting to characteristic economy.

本文从特有资源品种和与之相联系的特有商品品种，开放性的市场需求、差别性的市场需求和有竞争力的市场需求，特有品种的开发生产技术水平及商品的科技含量水平等方面对特色经济进行了界定。

The bulk of these upward revisions occurs in North America and reflects increased demand for liquids, LPG and ethane, due to heating and industrial use and increased petrochemical demand. Baseline 2001 revisions due to resubmissions of annual data from OECD Member countries carry forward into succeeding periods, raising 2003 and 2004 demand accordingly.

需求量上调的地区主要是北美，原因是取暖用油和工业用油以及石化工业对于液化天然气、液化石油气以及乙烷的需求都上调了。2001需求数据修正的另一部分原因是经合组织成员国修正了各自国内的年度数据，我们也据此相应提高了2003年和2004年的数据。

Two measure oxygen demand directly: Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand.

有三种广泛用到的测需氧量的方法，两种直接法：生化需氧量和化学需氧量

Biochemical oxygen demand over five days -BOD5; five day biochemical oxygen demand The standard biochemical oxygen demand test whereby a sample of the liquid is incubated at 20 degrees C for five days.

生化物五天需氧量（简写为BOD5）标准的生化需氧量试验。其方法是把一份溶液的样品在摄氏20度下培养五天。

Asset price especially the stock price in China has basically no correlation with enterprises investment and it has more substitution effect than wealth effect on household consumption, but it has large demand elasticity for money.

我国资产价格主要是股票价格虽然与企业投资的相关关系不显著，对居民消费的替代效应大于财富效应，但对货币的需求弹性较大。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对"厂网分开，竞价上网"的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了"厂网分开，竞价上网"电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

For example, the bulk commodity prices, oil prices fell from the highest 140 U.S. dollars now below 70 U.S. dollars, will make a lot of China's manufacturing costs; In addition, the majority of Chinese products is a necessity, the demand elasticity of the small decline in exports may be low than expected.

例如，大宗商品价格，原油价格从最高的140美元已经低于70美元，将是中国的制造成本很多，此外，我国大部分产品是必需的，需求弹性小在出口的下降可能会比预期的低。

The increase in income in combination with the milk price elasticity of Chinese consumers generates a high demand for fresh milk.

我翻译的是"由牛奶价格弹性带动的收入增加又促进了人们对鲜奶的需求。"

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48