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I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.

我通常是相当怀疑的关于比他们50年前认为的所有研究，人们是更加愉快或更加怏怏不乐的或更较不确信他们自己。

I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.

我经常怀疑一些调查的关于人们是否快乐与不快乐，或多或少对自己的肯定的五十年前的结论

When the Fire-wood was burnt pretty much into Embers, or live Coals, I drew them forward upon this Hearth, so as to cover it all over, and there I let them lye, till the Hearth was very hot, then sweeping away all the Embers, I set down my Loaf, or Loaves, and whelming down the Earthen Pot upon them, drew the Embers all round the Out-side of the Pot, to keep in, and add to the Heat; and thus, as well as in the best Oven in the World, I bak'd my Barley Loaves, and became in little Time a meer Pastry-Cook into the Bargain; for I made my self several Cakes of the Rice, and Puddings; indeed I made no Pies, neither had I any Thing to put into them, supposing I had, except the Flesh either of Fowls or Goats.

所有这一切，我都一无所有，但我还是做成了面包。这些事我将在下面再告诉读者。但在当时，我总算有了自己的粮食，这对我是极大的安慰，为我的生活带来了更多有利的条件。前面提到，没有适当的工具，一切事情做起来特别吃力，特别费时间，可是也没有办法。同时，我也没有浪费时间。我把时间分配得很好，每天安排出一定的时间来做这些事。我已决定等我收获了更多的粮食后再做面包，所以我还有六个月的时间；在这半年中，我可以运用我全部的精力和心血，设法制造出加工粮食各项工序所需要的各种工具。到时，有了足够的粮食，就可以用来制造面包了。

The studies were either randomized trials, in which some participants were randomly assigned to cocoa or tea groups and some to control groups, or used a crossover design, in which participants' blood pressure was assessed before and after consuming cocoa products or tea.

这些研究要么随机对照临床试验，其中一些与会者随机分派到可可或茶团体和一些控制的团体，即用交叉设计，让参加者的血压是评估之前和之后食用可可制品或茶水。

With either method, first dissolve or suspend 10.0 g of the specimen if it is a solid, or 10 mL, accurately measured, if the specimen is a liquid, in pH 7.2 Phosphate Buffer, Fluid Soybean–Casein Digest Medium, or Fluid Casein Digest–Soy Lecithin-Polysorbate 20 Medium to make 100 mL.

不管使用哪一种方法，首先将10.0g固体样品或精密量取的10mL液体样品，放入pH 7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液，或液体大豆酪蛋白消化物培养基，或液体酪蛋白消化物-大豆卵磷脂-聚山梨酯20中，制成100mL的溶液或悬浮液。

After extended operation, if leakage should occur at the top bearing or across the valve disk of either the Model-B or Model-C valve, this is an indication of wear to the elastomeric seat and/or O-ring seals, requiring their replacement. In most cases, valve replacement will be found less expensive than parts replacement.

在进行操作后，如果泄露出现在型号B或型号C阀门的顶部轴承或阀门阀瓣上，则表明弹性材料阀座和/或O形环密封出现磨损，这时就需要进行更换。

It would be superfluous to discourse on the organs of speech, which have been a thousand times dissected, and as often described by musicians or anatomists; and the several powers of which every man may perceive either by the touch or by sight, if he will attentively observe another person pronouncing the different classes of letters, or pronounce them himself distinctly before a mirror: but a short analysis of articulate sounds may be proper to introduce an examination of every separate symbol.

详细论述发音器官是多余的，这些器官已经被解剖过成千上万次，也被音乐家和解剖学者们描述过成千上万次了；而且它们的功能也是每个人都可以通过触觉或视觉认识到的，只要他认真观察别人发各组字母的音，或者自己对着镜子清晰的发这些音就可以。不过对发音的一个简短的分析还是适当的，从而引入对每一单个符号的检视。

The Jesuits evaluated Confucius' teachings, either as a non-religious morality,or as a primitive monotheism. Being inspired by Jesuits' information, the Enlightenment scholar Pierre Bayle was first skeptical of whether atheists can be moral, which started breaking off the traditional dichotomy between true religion or piety and false religion or blasphemy.

17世纪耶稣会士引进儒家伦理和原始一神教，受此消息的影响，18世纪初的启蒙学者培里首先怀疑无神论是否有道德的问题，开始动摇西方&真宗教或信神/假宗教或渎神&的传统二元论的基础。

Although a lot of economic activities are not contributed by weather directly, but the result or course are affected either positively or negatively. For instance, beverage retailer adjusts circulation according to temperature, farmer adjusts way of cultivation according to rural weather report, and umbrella chapmen decide whether to sell or not.

许多经济活动虽不是直接由天气促成，但其结果或进行过程中是受到天气正面或负面影响的，不管是饮料商根据气温调整贩售量、农夫根据农业气象调整耕作方式、雨伞小贩依据大雨特报决定摆摊与否等，皆显示出天气已影响人类经济活动至深。

A gene can be defined as the smallest hereditary unit capable either of recombination or of mutation. Alternatively it may be described as a unit of function, a CISTRON, which may be much larger than a unit of recombination or mutation, and controls the synthesis of a single polypeptide or a messenger RNA molecule whose genetic code is sontained within the gene.

基因是重组和突变的最小遗传单位，也可以被描述为一种功能单位———顺反子，顺反子可能比重组和突变单位大的多，它控制单个多肽的合成或合成含有遗传信息的信使 RNA 密码子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。