查询词典 ecosystem

The sixth part: Studies on the dynamic changes of soil retention function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District. Utilized ERDAS8. 5 to interpret the remote sensing image and get LUCC data and vegetation information of YUYANG District. Utilized R2V5. 5 to digitize administrative map, topographic map, vegetation picture, soil distribution map and meteorological website map. Utilized ARCINFOR8. 3 to change every digitization layer to the same projection, to generate Tyson polygon, to structure DEM and do vector polygon overlay. Utilized ARC VIE W3. 3 to obtain the grid data topographic slope and slope length from DEM data of YUYANG District, and then, turned every coverage layer into grid layer and do grid polygon overlay to gain data about dynamic changes of value of soil retention of ecosystem in YUYANG District, at last, the author analyzed the features of the spatial-temporal changes and its reason.The seventh part: Studies on the dynamic changes of fixing drifting sand against wind function value of ecosystem in YUYANG District.

第六部分：榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能价值动态变化研究；利用ERDAS8.5对遥感数据进行解译获得榆阳区土地利用数据和植被信息，利用R2V5.5数字化榆阳区政区图、地形图、植被图、土壤分布图及气象站点分布图，利用ARCINFOR8.3对各数字化图层进行投影转换、泰森多边形生成、DEM构建和叠加分析，利用ARCVIEW3.3从DEM数据中获取榆阳区的坡度、坡长面域数据，并将上述各图层格网化，然后通过栅格图层叠加分析和代数运算获取榆阳区生态系统土壤保持功能物质量和价值量时空动态变化数据，最后分析了其变化的时空特点及形成原因。

One of the key tasks of ecopolis development is to enhance urban ecosystem service, especially the service of lung (urban green, forests and agriculture land), kidney, skin, exit, and artery (channels, roads and metabolism networks) so as to realize a state of purification, greening, vitalization and beautification. On the other hand, the goal of ecopolis is not only the "green" of natural ecosystem, but also the "red" of human ecosystem. The "eco" in ecopolis is neither a return to primitive nature or only environment protection, nor a conquer over nature, but a integration of green rhythm (blue sky, green field, fertile land, green water) and red network (industry, transportation, city and town, culture vein), a tradeoff between environment and economy and a harmony among heaven, earth and human.

生态城市建设的核心是要强化城市的肺、肾、皮、口和脉这些生态基础设施的服务功能，实现城市的净化、绿化、活化和美化；另一方面，生态城市不只要有自然生态的绿韵（蓝天、绿野、沃土、碧水），还要有人文生态的红脉（产业、交通、城镇、文脉）及其相互的融和，而不只是保护城市环境或生物。

The niche stagger and low level positive feedback between agricultural ecosystem and stock breeding ecosystem are the essential reason for estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering, in other words, the invasion of dry farming into rangeland ecosystem or incompatibly between production style and ecological environment is the root reason.

农、牧生态系统的错位以及农、牧业之间低水平正反馈作用是&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，而旱作农业生产方式对草原生态系统的入侵，或者说草原生态系统与作用其上的生产方式的不匹配却是这些问题的最终根源所在。

Regarding such complex system, understanding merely the interior partial links in the system is insufficient to explain the system behavior, knowing the interaction of various parts in the system is equally important for the explanation of system behavior, so the theory of complex system and thought of agent based modeling, which bring the microcosmos and macrocosmos together, enlighten the ecosystem modeling. But at present, the following problems should be solved in the ecosystem modeling based on the complex system theory. 1. How to acquire the quantitative indexes of the ecologic factors in the microscopic ecosystem.

对于生态系统这样的复杂系统，以还原分析为基础的传统建模方法遇到了极大的挑战，仅仅了解系统内部的局部环节而忽略事物间的固有联系，远远不足以解释系统的行为，系统各部分之间的相互作用在解释系统行为方面同等重要。

On the ecosystem health, definitions from utilization and ecosystem views are introduced, the contents and difficulties in assessing it are discussed. On the biodiversity enhancement, the relationship between forest structural complexity and forest biodiversity are discussed, the significance of old growth structure are highlighted, and measures of changing forest structure to promote forest biodiversity are put forward. On the landscape planning in forest management, some patterns, theoretical foundations and models are introduced, especially three conceptual models, i.e., key habitat\|corridors model, nature landscape model, and supportive features model. On the alternative silvicultural systems, reasons for developing alternative silvicultural system by mimic of nature disturbance are discussed, and some advanced techniques and their ecological basis are noted. Finally, on the ecosystem service, its contents and importance of assessment are illustrated.

关于森林生态系统健康，讨论了不同角度对生态系统健康的定义和不同层次上的生态系统健康的内容及评价生态系统健康的困难所在；②关于森林生物多样性，探讨了森林结构复杂性与生物多样性的关系，老龄林结构对森林生态系统的意义和作用，以及如何通过经营调整结构促进生物多样性；③关于森林经营的景观规划，描述了进行景观规划的途径、理论和模型，并对三种概念模型进行了介绍；④关于森林经营的替代技术体系，介绍了模拟自然干扰设计替代技术体系的原理，分析了替代经营技术体系产生的原因和有关最新技术研究进展；⑤关于森林生态系统服务，讨论了生态系统服务的基本内容和评价在森林生态系统管理中的重要意义。

Through analyses and assessment of Hulunbeier grassland ecosystem as a case study, the value of the grassland ecosystem and indirect value of ecosystem services in Stipa baicalensis steppe under different grazing intensities, qualitative study of h.

本研究以呼伦贝尔草地为研究对象，通过分析与评价呼伦贝尔草地生态系统提供的生态系统产品和服务功能的生态经济价值，以及不同放牧强度下贝加尔针茅草地的间接服务功能价值，定量研究呼伦贝尔草地生态系统为人们所带来的巨大的生态经济效益，以期为保护、建设和促进呼伦贝尔草地资源的可持续利用和发展奠定基础。

Temperate Ulmus pumila sparse forest grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia Plateau is a special ecosystem in China, and even in the world. Its study is of significance in deeply understanding the vegetation distribution patterns in the earth, and favoring the protection of this ecosystem.

内蒙古高原分布的温带榆树稀树草原生态系统在中国乃至世界上都是一种特殊的生态系统，对于它的研究可加深对植被分布规律的理解，且有利于该系统的保护。

the ground of the article synopsis introduced wetly, artificial marsh of general situation.discuss the artificial marsh constucts with modern water environment in city and emphasized to introduce hun south artificial in sun city marsh the eco-system is in water environment in city and ecosystem environment the construction of function and position, explain artificial marsh in alleviate the water resources in city the strain and the decontamination environment in the city of don't can act for of function, thus argument artificial marsh the eco-system is the conclusion that a kind of ecosystem means necessarily will develop a huge function in the modern city to the conversion progress of the ecosystem city.

文章简要地介绍了湿地、人工湿地的概况。论述了人工湿地与现代城市水环境建设，着重介绍了沈阳市浑南人工湿地生态系统在城市水环境及生态环境建设中的作用和地位，说明了人工湿地在缓解城市水资源紧张及净化城市环境中的无可替代的作用，从而论证了人工湿地生态系统作为一种生态手段必将在现代城市向生态城市的转化进程中发挥出巨大作用的结论。

Through this study, the sustainable management hierarchical system of forest ecosystem was established, providing the frame of forest sustainable management which given dominance to the basic hydrology ecosystem processing of mountain forest. At the same time, this research brought forward the "double-cycle" mode maintaining the integrality of Tianshan Mountain forest ecosystem. Within all these studies, on one hand, through the research about the regeneration response to different disturbance types, the scientific measures concerning restoration and rebuilding of fragmentized landscape were supplied. On the other hand, t

建立了森林生态系统可持续经营等级系统，为天山以森林生态系统基本水文生态过程为主导的森林可持续经营提供了框架；提出的天山森林生态系统生态完整性自维持的&双循环&模式为天山森林生态系统的可持续经营奠定理论基础，通过不同干扰方式下天山云杉的更新反应研究，为破碎化森林景观的恢复与重建提供了科学途径，通过对天山云杉分布格局及动态、更新格局、林冠干扰后的系列特征及相应的参数和反映种群生活史的生命表研究，为天山森林生态系统可持续经营景观水平的评价提供了基本参数。

In this paper, the concept, structure, and function of seaweed bed ecosystem, as well as the definition and implementing steps of seaweed bed ecosystem engineering were introduced, and the most recent development in the research of seaweed bed ecosystem in developed countries was reviewed,.

海藻场生态系统是典型近岸生态系统之一，其独特的结构和功能使其生态系统生态学研究及其工程学研究在近年来日益引起国际学术界关注。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。