查询词典 economics

The evolution of development economics is closely related to the development of economic globalization , particularly at the third phase(in 1940's) of economic globalization , during which development economics in modern sense sprang up. Its main research is about how the poverty - stricken agricultural countries or developing countries achieve industrialization. From its appearance to before 1980's, development economics consists of two forming phases of structuralism and neo - classicism. Since 1980's , in the tide of new economic globalization ,development economics has new tendency and is faced with predicaments.

发展经济学的产生与发展和经济全球化的发展有密切的关系，特别是在经济全球化进入第三阶段，即20 世纪40 年代，现代意义上的发展经济学兴起，其主要是研究贫困落后的农业国家或发展中国家如何实现工业化的问题，发展经济学从兴起到80 年代以前，可分为结构主义和新古典主义两个发展阶段。80 年代以来，在新的经济全球化的浪潮中，发展经济学既出现了新的发展趋势，也面临着困境。

The economics methodology has formed a whole battery of analytical framework and tool under the influence of scientific philosophy, which is characterized by logic positivism, negativism and historical materialism. The fundamental characteristics of the economics methodology are based on the axiomatization positive logic deductive method, which assumes the rational human being as its hypothetic premise. The most remarkable characteristic of the economics methodology is the general application of mathematics in economics and it is developing forward to the more accurate and magnificent system.

特别是在以逻辑实证主义、证伪主义和历史主义为代表的科学哲学的影响下，经济学的方法论已经发展出一整套的分析框架与工具，基本特征是建立在"理性人"假设基础上的公理化的实证的逻辑演绎方法，最突出的表现是数学在经济学中的广泛应用，并正在向着更为精密与恢弘的体系演进。

The theory roots in the technology economics、 information economics、 region economics、 industry economics and human geography. The research methods include epagoge、 deductive method、 demonstration、 logic framework and so on.

本论文运用技术经济、信息经济、区域经济、产业经济和人文地理学的相关理论，采用归纳演绎、统计分析、实证研究和逻辑框架图等多种研究方法对信息技术对企业空间结构演变的影响动因以及企业空间结构演变的趋势进行研究论证。

From this part, we should understand the course which people have realized the function of consumption in east and west economics, especially the long-time discuss on the relation of consumption and production. In the west economics, there are Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Boisguilbert, Quesnay, Turgot, Sismondi and so on in the classical economics; Say, Malthus in the philistine plutonomy; Marshall, Pigou, Veblen, Pareto and so on in imperialist period; Keynes, Rostov, Mole and so on in the modern west economics.

西方经济学中关于消费的思想从历史来看，主要包括：古典经济学中亚当·斯密、李嘉图、布阿贝尔吉尔、魁奈等人的消费思想和西斯蒙第的"消费居先论"；庸俗政治经济学中法国的萨伊、英国的马尔萨斯等人的消费思想；帝国主义历史时期马歇尔、凡勃伦等人的消费思想；现代西方经济学中凯恩斯、罗斯托、莫尔、加尔布雷茨等人的消费思想。

The second chapter reviews the traditional theory of natural monopoly in the frame of classical economics, from economics of scales, economics of scopes and to subadditivity of cost, including the extension of"Marshall puzzle"and"theory of contestable markets". The third chapter analyzes the traditional theory of natural monopoly based on the new classical economics, and points out the achievements and the limitations.

我们把这一体系内的自然垄断理论称为传统自然垄断理论，主要经历了规模经济理论、范围经济理论以及成本次可加性理论，当然目前这一领域内还延伸出了马歇尔困境以及有效竞争理论等研究前沿。

Single methods of economics and discipline nature of a department economics or a subdiscipline economics had restricted and limited the development of educational economics in a certain degree.

随着教育经济学的发展，研究领域逐渐扩大，研究重心更多地转移到教育领域内部，方法论上的适宜性问题开始变得突出，单纯的经济学方法和经济学分支或部门经济学的学科性质已经给教育经济学的研究造成了一定的局限和制约。

With discipline development, researching domain expanding and the researching focus transfer into the field of education, the suitability problem of methodology became more and more remarkable. Single methods of economics and discipline nature of a department economics or a subdiscipline economics had restricted and limited the development of educational economics in a certain degree.

随着教育经济学的发展，研究领域逐渐扩大，研究重心更多地转移到教育领域内部，方法论上的适宜性问题开始变得突出，单纯的经济学方法和经济学分支或部门经济学的学科性质已经给教育经济学的研究造成了一定的局限和制约。

Of development economics. The famed Indian scholar Sudisen remarked "Deng Xiaoping is the greatest contemporary economist of the development economics", and I reckoned that Deng propelled the development economics to one fully new stage from various aspects and left inerasable influence on the historyof development economics after my comparatively entire, systematical and deep research.

印度著名学者苏地生称&邓小平是当代最伟大的发展经济学家&，笔者经过比较全面、系统和深入的研究后认为，邓小平从多方面把发展经济学推进到了一个全新的发展阶段，在发展经济学史上留下了不可磨灭的影响。

Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.

罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定，新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设，弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点，乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&，以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义，所有这些都未能令人信服地证明：实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。

The research of Chinese law and economics needs supports from localizable economics and law; it needs the study of Chinese legal phenomena and practice as the starting point, and uses the law and economics' teaching as the important means; it also needs creating the theoretical system of Chinese economics and law as the core task.

我国法经济学的本土化研究需要本土化的经济学和本土化的法学提供支撑，要以研究&中国的&法律现象和法律实践为出发点，以法经济学教学为重要手段，以构建中国的法经济学理论体系为核心任务。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。