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Born in the East End of London during the reign of Queen Victoria, Allingham was brought up by his mother and grandparents.

Allingham 生于维多利亚女王统治时期的伦敦东部，由其母亲与姥姥带大。

In nine observations and mensurations from 3 June to 7 July, the relationship of fresh, dry biomass and diameter of fruits took on some rules in east, south, west and north, namely, and power or exponential allometry, and linear isogony, which were significant and very significant.

自6月3日至7月7日9次观查和测定中，在东、南、西和北四个方位上，黄刺玫的果实干鲜重和其果球径间的关系均呈一定的规律性变化，或呈幂函数或指数函数的异速生长或呈直线函数的同速生长，且均达到显著或极显著水平。

The relationship of fresh, dry biomass and their diameter of fruits took on power or exponential allometry, and linear isogony, which were significant and very significant in east, south, west and north in two sites.

樱草蔷薇果实生物量中，果实鲜、干重和其果球径两个数量性状之间或呈异速或同速生长，其相关性均达到了极显著水平，总体上均呈直线或幂函数的规律变化。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Habitual organisms in north of East China Sea and alongshore estuarine water areas were measured by different methods mentioned above in order to understand the role of diverse aquatic species composing specific food webs and their control on the flow of matter and energy along the food chain.

建立特定化合物稳定同位素技术测定单分子脂肪酸碳稳定同位素的方法，并选取研究海域内采集的部分生物样品，测定其特征脂肪酸的碳同位素比值，从分子水平构建食物网中主要生物的摄食关系。

About 230 unique feature downfaulted basin in Mesozoic and kainozoc era distribute in the east continent and alongshore in China, which is the best concentric distribution area of continental facies oil-gas contain basin in the world.

陆相断陷盆地是世界上重要的含油气盆地类型之一，我国东部大陆及沿海分布着约230个各具特色的中、新生代陆相断陷盆地，是世界上最大的陆相含油气盆地集中分布区。

The horizontal distribution was not alike in bottom layer, the content of inorganic nitrogen was relatively high in alongshore waters of west, the content of phosphate was relatively high in alongshore waters of east and the silicate was relatively even in Laizhou Bay besides the bay mouth waters.

而底层分布却不尽相同，无机氮为湾南部近岸水域含量较高；磷酸盐为湾东部近岸水域含量较高；硅酸盐为除湾口外水域水平梯度较大外，整个湾内水域分布相对较均匀。

Garibotti feels that the future of Patagonia alpinism lies not in link-ups or traverses but perhaps in alpine style repeats of the inmense routes of the 1980s, such as Silvo Karo and Janez Jeglic's Cerro Torre South Face or their Devil's Directissima on the East Face.

Garibotti 认为在以后巴塔哥尼亚登山技术中，不要仅仅着眼于各个山峰之间的连接点，而应该多以阿尔卑斯登山方式攀登像80年代开辟的那些线路，像 Silvo Karo 和 Janez Jeglic 开辟的 Cerro Torre 峰南壁路线或东壁的"魔鬼的 Directissima"路线。

Garibotti feels that the future of Patagonia alpinism lies not in link-ups or traverses but perhaps in alpine style repeats of the inmense routes of the 1980s, such as Silvo Karo and Janez Jeglic's Cerro Torre South Face or their Devil's Directissima on the East Face. Having felt partly responsible for delaying an academic career, Garibotti was relieved upon returning to their bivouac in the Torre valley to hear Haley exclaim, The Torre Traverse is way better than mineralogy homework!

Garibotti认为在以后巴塔哥尼亚登山技术中，不要仅仅着眼于各个山峰之间的连登，而应该多以阿尔卑斯登山方式攀登像80年代开辟的那些线路，像Silvo Karo 和 Janez Jeglic开辟的Cerro Torre峰南壁路线或东壁的"魔鬼Directissima"路线。

Key forage plants consist of alfalfa, erect milkvetch, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, crownvetch, white clover, red clover alsike clover, common orchardgrass, smooth brome; planting divisions with obviously optimal combinations of forage plants in Henan province cover the following 6 respects:（1）Northern plain forage planting division;（2）North-west mountain area forage planting division;（3）Middle-east low lying plain and nan-yang basin forage planting division;（4）Western mountain area forage planting division;（5）Huaihe river-south and Tongbai mountain area forage planting division;（6）Eastern plain forage planting division;These conclusions will provide necessary theoritical data or base for right choose of foeage plants as well as great development of grass industry in the future in Henan province.

结果表明：适合河南省的当家草种有10种，分别是：紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草、小冠花、红三叶、杂三叶、鸡脚草、无芒雀麦；适合河南省草业优质发展的草种区域有6个，分别是：豫北平原牧草种植区、豫西北黄土丘陵和太行山地种植区、豫中东低洼平原和南阳盆地种植区、豫西山地种植区、淮南与桐柏山区种植区、豫东平原种植区，并且明确了各区域内以当家草种为核心的草种优化组合。河南省当家草种的制定和草种区划的确定有利于为河南省各地草种的正确选择和草业未来大发展提供理论依据。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。