查询词典 dynasties

It has been a generally recognized fact that Wei and Jin dynasties are the era of self-consciousness of literature.

魏晋文学是中国文学自觉的时代，这一点基本得到了学术界的认同。

Fourth, the clan in West and East Han dynasties kept self-governing and self-protecting function, such as memorial ceremony for ancestors, relieving inside clan, labor cooperation, mutual financial aid and etc, as well as the function of controlling local government.

族人由于离不开土地这一生产资料，对庄园的依赖性变得相当之强，而在大宗族庄园中，土地这一资料是集中而非分散的，土地的经营却又是分散而非集中的。

The course of the development of private enterprises, can be said to be a long and difficult process the experience of the feudal dynasties, feudal semicolonial, in and communism, and socialism, first; the Third Plenum of the 13th, 14th and now and then to join the WTO and the International Competition in enterprises, private enterprises to enter the second rectifying the current.

摘要我国民营企业的发展历程，可以说是一个漫长而又艰难的历程分别经历了封建王朝，半殖民半封建，民国，共产主义，社会主义初期；十三届三中全会，十四大，再到现在加入世贸和国际企业的竞争，民营企业进入现今的二次整顿。

This new wells as a watershed Prior to that, in Japan on the map, all the Chinese in order to address the Han and Tang Dynasties, and since then, most of them to "Shina", but it was not until the late 19th century,"Shina," a name is still a mere geographical term Only.

新井此举成为一个分水岭，在此之前，日本的地图上，中国全部以汉唐称呼，此后，大多改为"支那"了，但直到19世纪末，"支那"一称呼仍是一个单纯的地理名词而已。

With the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Japan's gradual understanding of the "China" and began referring to the use of such air and sea in its master of poetry,"Ling-set","China is Taiwan's Yue Man sequence" of the sentence, of course, at that time "Shina language with a copy of the translators Buddhist usage, but is not common reason for this is has always been to China, said the Japanese usually morokoshi, tohn, and so on, these are the Japanese characters for" Don "the pronunciation Generally reflect the Chinese culture, especially culture of the Tang Dynasty of Japan's far-reaching impact on later Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties change, said Japan can not change China as "Don" habit did not change the Japanese Chinese culture of respect, admiration psychological. In 1713, Whitehead Arai from Edo shogunate orders, inquiries were drifting in Rome to talk too much about the history, a lot of opportunity to understand the world situation, a reference to China's "Kun Maps", Prepared for a title,"Song laid Introduction," in the world geography, history and more from his Department to listen to on the pronunciation of chi-na, to use katakana and that in the lower left-hand corner is attached to "Shina.

随着佛经的译入，日本逐渐了解"支那"所指并开始使用，如海空大师在其诗集《性灵集》中，有"支那台岳曼殊序"之句，当然，那时"支那一语带有模仿佛经译者的用法，但并不普遍，究其原因，主要是一直以来，日本人通常称中国为morokoshi、tohn等，这些都是日本人对汉字"唐"的读音，大体反映了中国文化，特别是唐朝文化对日本的深远影响，以致后来宋、元、明、清历代更迭，都无法更改日本人称中国为"唐"的习惯，也没改变日本人对中国文化崇敬、羡慕的心理。1713年，新井白石奉江户幕府之命，查询罗马的漂流者史多提，趁机了解了不少世界情势，参考了中国的《坤舆图说》，编写了一本题名为《宋览导言》的世界地理书，他把从史多提处听来的关于chi—na的读音，用片假名来表示并在左下角附以"支那字样。

Side plate chain pumps, some are in the Northern and Southern Dynasties is the originator of modern pumps.

方板链泵，约现于南北朝，是现代水泵机的鼻祖。

Zhong Rong's work Shiping was influenced by Chinese traditional sitology cultural savor theory and the atomesphere of sizing up savor during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

中国饮食文化滋味说的传统，以及南北朝时期品评滋味的风气，对钟嵘《诗品》滋味说有很大影响。

Efficiency and fairness are the problem with past dynasties economist and vexed sociologist all the time.

效率与公平一直是历代经济学家和社会学家争论不休的问题。

This thesis is composed by three parts.The first part: The Sogdian migrating to Dunhuang continually and trading with China from Han dynasty to Tang and Five dynasties is the main reason which results in prevalenting of Sogdian Culture in DunHuang.The second part: This part is the core and the key.

本文分为三个部分：第一部分追溯了汉至唐五代时期粟特等中亚民族不断往来移徙于敦煌、河西一带的历史概况，认为他们频繁的商业活动促使了粟特文化向敦煌的传播，这是唐五代敦煌胡文化盛行的主要原因。

Perhaps it's because Chinese blood runs in my veins, but Lonely China Day's use of "dead poetry" from the Song and Tang dynasties adds such a spine-chilling element to their music that I am instantly transfixed the moment Deng opens his mouth.

寂寞。夏。日把唐宋时期的绝句融合入了音乐，也许因为我体内流淌着中国血脉，邓裴开始唱的时候我惊呆了。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。