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Theδ〓O fluctuation showed that during the Last Glaciation there existed at least seven warm and five cold climatic fluctuations or events in the east Tibetan plateau, and that during the Last Interglacial Age there existed clearly 5 climatic substages, namely 5a to 5e, among which substage 5e was the warmest climate period, but 5a was an optimum episode of moisture and heat combination.

对末次间冰期及末次冰期气候特征研究表明，青藏高原东部末次间冰期内部存在着5个十分清晰的气候亚期，其中5a、5c、5e三次暖事件以5e温度最高，但水热配置最好的是5a。

Oxygen and carbon isotope of the carbonate sediments separately indicate lake waterδ~(18)O andδ~(13)C_,δ~(18)O indicates the volume of the input water which is a good index of Lake water level changes;δ~(13)C_ indicates the degree of the exchange between the lake and the atmosphere and indirectly indicates the ice cover time controlled by the temperature.3. Environmental changes in Lake Sugan drainage area during the past 2670 years reconstructed by mul-index synthesis analysis indicates that during

沉积物碳酸盐氧、碳同位素分别反应了湖水的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C_，δ~(18)O指示湖水体积变化，是湖泊水位变化的良好指标；δ~(13)C_则指示了湖水和大气的交换程度以及入流水量的大小，间接指示了温度控制下的冰封时间长短。3、多指标综合分析重建的苏干湖流域晚全新世近2670年来的环境变化显示，苏干湖2670年来流域持续变干；出现截然不同的两个大的阶段，即

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

According to present results and the forecast of the sunspot activity cycle, the authors predict that the fourth outbreak period of meadow moth will be coming during 2017-2020 and reach the peak during 2024-2025 in China.

根据这些结果，并结合太阳黑子活动周期的预测，草地螟在我国的第4个大发生周期很有可能开始于2017~2020年之间，并在2024~2025年间达到高峰。

Effects of boron nutrient solution are sprayed on leaves during grow of fruit, and pre-harvest sprays with chitosan on fruit quality of sweetsop during refrigerate period are discussed.

在果实发育期间叶面喷施硼营养液和采收前喷施壳聚糖溶液对番荔枝果实冷藏品质的影响进行了探讨。

The experimental results indicate that the changes of resistivity, temperature and deformation during freeze-thaw cycles are real-time and synchronical, which also proves that it is feasible to study the change of soil structure during freezing and thawing by using electrical resistivity method.

试验结果表明：冻融循环过程中电阻率与冻融变形的变化是实时的、完全同步的，利用电阻率特性研究冻融过程土体结构变化是可行的；每次冻融冻土电阻率随着冻融次数增加呈指数关系减小，融土电阻率随冻融次数增加呈指数关系增加；每次冻胀量与融沉量随冻融次数的增加而减小，平均干密度随冻融次数增加而增加，并且经过5次冻融循环后冻胀融沉量和干密度均趋于稳定。

Firstly,the sampling design has great impact on the accuracy of remote sensing classification.There exists great randomicity on the result of points and cluster sample verification on the different Sampling design.On the same sampling design,the stability of point sample verification is higher than that of Cluster sample verification.Secondly,the average accuracy of different sampling designs of multi-point and multi-cluster sample verification can reflect the accuracy characteristic.During the course of point sample verification,stratified sampling's error is lower than others'.During the course of cluster sample verification,systematic sampling and stratified sampling's accuracy are prior to simple random sampling's.

研究结果表明：（1）抽样方式对遥感分类精度评价结果的影响是客观存在的，不同抽样方式下的点样本和群样本检验结果都存在一定的随机性，但同一种抽样方式下，点样本检验精度评估结果的波动幅度小于群样本检验，稳定性比群样本检验要好；（2）不同抽样方式下的多次点样本和群样本检验的平均精度检验结果基本上都能够反映分类图像的精度特征，其中，点样本检验中，分层随机抽样点样本检验效果较好；群样本检验中，系统抽样群样本检验和分层随机抽样群样本检验的效果优于简单随机抽样群样本检验。

During calculation of the tangent vector, the complete Jacobian matrix is adopted so that the tangent vector is computed accurately. During calculation of initial power flow and correction steps FDCPF is used.

该方法在切向量求取环节，采用完整的雅可比矩阵做系数矩阵求取切向量，从而保证切向量的准确性；在初始潮流计算和校正环节采用快速分解法进行求解。

During my subsequent movements in different parts of the country, and a tarriance of three busy weeks in London, I had no leisure for replying to it; and now that I am once more at home, and am clearing off the arrears of business which had accumulated during a long absence, it has lain unanswered till the last of a numerous file, not from disrespect of indifference to its contents, but because, in truth, it is not an easy task to answer it, nor a pleasant one to cast a damp over the high spirits and the generous desires of youth.

接着，我巡游全国各地，又在伦敦忙了三个星期，因此耽误了，没有时间给你回信。现在回到家中，要料理完这段时间搁置的事情，因此，我只有把成堆的文件处理完毕，才能回复你的来信，不是因为我轻视信中所言，也不是故作冷淡，而是因为回复这封信可不是件容易的事，同时，泼一盆冷水在兴致盎然、胸怀大志的年轻人头上也非悦事。

In the experimental tectum, the expression of GFAP in the right SO was higher than the expression of GFAP in the left SO during 1d-60d after after optic nerve damage. The expression of GFAP in the right SO was familiar with the expression of GFAP in the left SO during 85d after optic nerve damage, but the expression of GFAP in SO in the experimental tectum was higher than that in the normal tectum. The result of GFAP expression in the experimental retina and tectum showed that AStrocyte took part in the optic nerve regeneration and it might play an important role in optic nerve regeneration accidents.

在损伤1d后视网膜的神经纤维层和外核层外缘可见较为深的GFAP染色，在损伤3d后视网膜从内网层经内核层至外网层出现稀疏的垂直于视网膜长轴分布的线条状GFAP染色，随时间推移，伤后5d、7d、14d、28d上述染色进一步加深密集，到伤后60d和85d上述染色减弱，阴性对照的视网膜各层未见GFAP阳性染色；(5)正常鲫鱼视顶盖中在SO层内有较浅的黄棕色线条状GFAP染色，在SFGC层

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！