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In clinical. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce the breakdown of synaptic acetylcholine, have been modestly effective in improving the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease.The goal of this work is to determine enzyme kinetics and mechanisms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrlcholinesterase inhibition by five cardiovascular drugs, lovastatin, simvastatin, amlodipine besylate, nifedipine, and hydralazine hydrochloride, and two benzodiazepines, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. All drugs in this study are reversible mixed-type inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The pKi values for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by the cardiovascular drugs are linearly correlated with the molecular weights of the drugs with the slopes of 0.005 and 0.0021, respectively. Therefore, van der Waals' interactions between acetylcholinesterase and the cardiovascular drugs are stronger than those between butyrylcholinesterase and the drugs. This is probably due to a smaller active site gorge and a more significant peripheral anionic substrate binding site of acetylcholinesterase than those of butyrylcholinesterase.

本研究之目的系决定乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素被五种心脏血管药物lovastatin， simvastatin， amlodipine besylate， nifedipine、hydralazine hydrochloride和两种benzodiazepines：diazepam和Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride的抑制作用之动力学及机转，这些药物都是乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素的可逆性、混合型之抑制剂，实验结果显示，五种心血管药物对於乙醯胆碱酯酵素及丁醯胆碱酯酵素抑制之pKi值和药物之分子量呈直线之关系，斜率分别为0.005及0.0021因此丁醯胆碱酯酵素，与心血管药物间之凡德瓦作用（van der Waals' ）比乙醯胆碱酯酵素与心血管药物间者弱，这可能原因是丁醯胆碱酯酵素之活性区域比乙醯胆碱酯酵素之活性区域更宽广，但丁醯胆碱酯酵素之周边阴离子区域不及乙醯胆碱酯酵素之周边阴离子区域者明显重要，由於五种心血管药物对於乙醯胆碱酯酵素和丁醯胆碱酯酵素抑制之pKi值存在著线性关系表示此种抑制作用系经过共同之反应机理。

The further development of conventional industrial processes of propylene oxide using the chlorohydrin route or oxirane technology is limited due to environmental pollution and its high production cost,so that the demand of exploring novel,economical and clean technologies for PO production becomes important.

环氧丙烷传统的工业生产方法如氯醇法路线或共氧化技术由于环境污染或成本较高等原因阻碍了其进一步发展，开发既清洁又经济的绿色合成技术是环氧丙烷工业今后的发展方向。

Not recommended for children under two years of age due to choking.

不推荐给2岁下的孩子使用，可能会引起窒息。

objective: to explore the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis due to stone.

目的：探讨结石性急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。

In addition, due to cholecystitis caused by a variety of reasons, so we can not simply office is, but should be for different causes, different treatment measures.

此外，由于受各种原因引起的胆囊炎，所以我们不能简单地办公，而应针对不同的原因是，不同的治疗措施。

I gave due inward applause to every object, and then I remembered how old Earnshaw used to come in when all was tidied, and call me a cant lass, and slip a shilling into my hand as a Christmas box; and from that I went on to think of his fondness for Heathcliff, and his dread lest he should suffer neglect after death had removed him; and that naturally led me to consider the poor lad's situation now, and from singing I changed my mind to crying.

我暗自对每样东西都恰如其分的赞美一番，于是我就记起老恩萧从前在一切收拾停当时，总是怎么走进来，说我是假正经的姑娘，而且把一个先令塞到我手里作为圣诞节的礼物。从这我又想起他对希刺克厉夫的喜爱，他生怕死后希刺克厉夫会没人照管为此所感到的恐惧，于是我很自然地接着想到现在这可怜的孩子的地位。

Rotating disks are the basic mechanical element of steam and gas turbines, grinding wheels, circular saws, and computer disk memories. Large amplitude transverse vibration of rotating disks can cause failure of turbine wheels due to wheel-case contact, cutting inaccuracy for grinding wheels and circular saws, the waste in material and head-tracking errors in computer disk memories.

旋转圆盘是工业中应用广泛的一种基本机械元件，它广泛的应用于旋转机械，诸如涡轮机、圆锯、计算机硬盘等，上述系统中这些盘类结构严重的横向振动将使机器工作时的精度降低、动态性能下降以及造成被加工材料的浪费，严重时甚至使圆盘元件损坏。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

Due to the coupling of every Zernike circular polynomial in the annular field, the SEIDEL coefficients solved by wavefront fitting with circular polynomial for annular pupils with big central obscuration would have larger errors.

由于Zernike圆多项式各项在环域上的交叉耦合，对于具有大中心遮拦的环孔径波面采用圆多项式拟合求解SEIDEL像差系数存在较大误差。

Where you fail to make the due payment on time, we shall terminate this contract and claim for indemnity.

如贵方到期未能按时付款，我方将中止合同并提出索赔。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。