查询词典 duality

This included the wave-particle duality theory of matter, based on the work of Albert Einstein and Planck on light.

他的博士论文包括了近两年研究的一些成果，比较系统地论述了物质波理论，得到物质波的一些重要结果。

He argues that the essence of beauty lies in harmony and order. The origin of beauty comes from the preordination of God. Thereby he introduces the factor of purpose into his explanation of beauty in an attempt to establish a link between imagery and the rational realm. Starting from his theories of monads, he demonstrates the duality of esthetic sense, which is both clear and confused. His th...

他从单子论的"前定和谐"说出发，论证了美的本质在和谐、秩序，而美的本源来自上帝预先安排，从而将目的因引入对美的解释中，试图在可感形象与理性世界之间建立联系；同时又从单子论的认识论出发，阐述了美感属于既明白又混乱的认识，是一种"混乱的知觉"，具有知其然而不知其所以然、令人愉悦却不涉功利的特点，从而确立了美学在认识论体系中的地位，对鲍姆加登和康德的美学产生了直接影响。

I found out that Robert Dijkgraaf refereed to my preprint of 1986 in his Les Houses lectures on duality.

后来让我震惊的是，田刚和V把他们的文章放到了预印本网站 arXiv上。

Among them, crux is to should reform active duty to expend system of system of n duality of system, urban and rural intersected, local government body and cadre, price scissors of contractible industry and agriculture.

其中，关健是要改革现行的税费制度、城乡分割的二元体制、地方政府机构和干部制度，缩小工农业剪刀差。

In this paper, we propose a general model of a class of Lagrangian dual problem for the general nonlinear programming problem with respect to some Lagrange-type functions. We obtain that the zero duality gap exists between this class of Lagrangian dual problem and the primal problem.

针对一般的非线性规划问题，利用某些Lagrange型函数给出了一类Lagrangian对偶问题的一般模型，并证明它与原问题之间存在零对偶间隙。

We introduce convex,and in particular semidefinite,optimization methods,duality and complexity theory to shed new light to this relation for the single stock problem, given moments of the prices of the underlying assets,we show that we can find best possible bounds on option prices with general payoff funcations efficiently,either algorithmically(solving a semidefinite optimization problem)or in closed form, conversely,given observable option prices,we provide best possible bounds on moments of the prices of the underlying assets,as well as on the prices of the other options on the same asset by sovling linear optimization problems for options that are affected by multiple stocks either directly(the payoff of the option depends on multiple stocks)or indirectly(we have information on correlations between stock prices),we find on-optimal bounds using convex optimization methods,however,we show that it is NP-hard to find best possible bounds in multiple dimensions,we extend our results to incorporate transactions costs,this paper,in theory and practice can provide a reference to researchers and designers about Chinese financial derivative products,the full text is divided into six chapters as follows: ChapterⅠ:Papers on the background and significance of the subjects on a number of option pricing models as well as their advantages and shortcomings of the model and describes the status of research and writing papers and the main contents of the basic idea.

相应地，给定期权价格，也能够出标的资产瞬时价格的最有可能的最好的界。还有通过解决一个线性最优化问题，根据同一标的资产的其他期权的价格来找到这个期权的界值，对于期权受到多种股票价格直接影响(期权的收益依赖于多种股票)或者间接影响(我们有股票之间联系的有用信息)，如果使用凸规划方法我们就会发现没有最优的界，也能够证明对于多维情形确实是很难找到最优的最有可能的界值，最后将这一结论推广到考虑交易成本的情况。本文在理论和实践上给我国金融衍生产品研究者和设计者提供一定的参考。全文共分为六章，具体安排如下：第一章：阐述论文的选题背景和意义，介绍期权定价的一些模型以及这些模型的优点与缺点，并介绍国内外研究的现状以及论文的写作基本思路与主要内容。

To solve the problems in adjusting and controlling shapes of developable surfaces, following the important idea of duality between points and planes in 3D projective space, two direct explicit and efficient methods of computer aided design for developable surfaces are proposed.

为了解决工程中可展曲面位置与形状难以调整和控制的问题，基于3D射影空间中点和平面间的对偶性这一重要思想，提出了2种直接、简单有效的可展曲面设计新方法。

By the means of experiments and numerical simulations, it is verified that speckles can be formed when nanofluids are illuminated by laser beam. First, clear speckles are formed by illuminating static nanofluids containing proper volume fraction of nanoparticles. Then, classic-scattering-model and photon-nanoparticle-collision-model are respectively established based on the wave-particle duality of light. The formation of speckles with nanofluids is simulated respectively on these two models, and the formation mechanism of speckles is figured out.

其中通过静态实验确定激光照射含有合适体积百分比纳米粒子的纳米流体可以形成清晰的散斑图；基于光的波粒二象性，分别根据光的波动性和粒子性建立了"经典散射模型"和"光子——粒子随机碰撞模型"，基于这两个模型分别对激光照射纳米流体形成散斑的过程进行了数值模拟，并对散斑的形成机理进行了解释。

In his upper novels , he revealed the psychical duality of people more than in his early novels.

在后期小说中，哈代则更多地揭示了人的心理的双重性。

A ideal contract-government is the embodiment of publicness, while in the real world, government has duality. On one side, it has publicness, on the other side, selfishness, too.

理想的契约政府是公共性的化身，在现实层面上，政府却是一个两面体，既有公共性的一面，也有自利性的一面。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。