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Theoretical model for calculation of the characteristics of heat and mass transfer for the slurry droplets ;2. A device of charge to mass ratio for droplets is produced based on the mesh target.

采用目标网状法设计了雾滴荷质比的测定装置，测量了环形电极下双流体荷电喷雾感应荷电雾滴的荷质比，实验表明雾滴荷质比与液体的雾化效果有关。

A method of killing flying insects which method comprises spraying into the air in which insects are flying liquid droplets of an insecticidal composition, a unipolar charge being imparted to the said liquid droplets by double layer charging and charge separation during spraying, the unipolar charge being at a level such that the said droplets have a charge to mass ratio of at least +/-1x10-4 C/kg.

一种杀死飞虫的方法，该方法包括：向具有飞虫的空气中喷射杀虫剂组合物液滴，在喷射过程中通过双层充电以及电荷分离而向所述液滴施加单一极性的电荷，单一极性的电荷处于使所述液滴具有至少＋／－1×10-4C/kg的电荷／质量比的水平。

An aerosol spray device which is capable of imparting a unipolar charge by double layer charging and charge separation to liquid droplets of a composition sprayed therefrom has a spraying head in the form of an insert in an actuator, the spraying head having a bore through which liquid is expelled having an outlet, preferably with a tortuous periphery, having an L/a ratio of at least 8 (preferably at least 10) where L is the length of the periphery defining the bore outlet in mm and a is the cross-sectional area of the bore outlet in mm2 and the apparatus being constructed such that the droplets are expelled from the spraying head at a flow ratio of at least 0.4 (preferably at least 0.5) grams per second and have a charge to mass ratio of at least +/-1x10-4 C/kg.

本发明还提供了一种喷射装置，它能够通过双层充电和电荷分离而向要喷出的组合物液滴施加单一极性的电荷，该喷射装置具有一个喷头，该喷头制成为致动器中的插入件的形式，喷头具有一个孔腔，液体能够通过该孔腔从装置中排出，该孔腔具有一出口，该出口最好具有曲线周边，并且L/a比率至少为8，其中L是以mm为单位的确定孔腔出口的周长，a是以mm2为单位的孔腔出口的横截面积，该装置构造成使得液滴在至少每秒0.5克的流动速率以及具有至少＋／－1×100C/kg的电荷／质量比的状态下从喷头排出。

Based on the theory of large eddy simulation and the method of VOF , the initial breakup process of fuel liquid jet, which eject from the nozzle exit at the time scale of micro-second level, is investigated. The mechanism of primary atomization is analyzed, and the initial breakup model of liquid jet is presented. By modeling and numerical simulation of atomization for a diesel nozzle under the given conditions, the initial umbrella-like spray shapes are obtained, which fits better with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the droplets secondary breakup process, such as leeward RT breakup, dumbbell-like breakup and droplets coalescence, etc. are exhibited visually.

基于大涡模拟LES理论和VOF方法，考察了燃油喷雾初始时刻即时间尺度为微秒级的液柱破碎过程，分析了初始破碎的机理，给出了该时间尺度下液柱初始破碎过程的模型；通过对一特定条件下的柴油机喷油器的建模和喷雾过程的大涡数值模拟，获得了液柱初始时刻"伞状头部"的喷雾形态，所得计算结果与相应的试验数据符合较好；数值模拟还直观地展现了液滴背风RT破碎、哑铃型破碎以及液滴的聚集融合等液滴的二次雾化过程。

As the body response for the trauma, the adipose tissues as blood serum behavior in the wounded tissue were suffered mobilization. At the same time, the ectogenesis fat tissue entranced blood circulation. As the result of hemodynamics alteration, there were blood platelet and erythrocyte and leucocytes and lipid granules collecting on the surface of these lipid droplets. The volumes of these lipid droplets were enlargement. These lipid droplets were changed to fat embolus by the promotion of coagulation and fibrin deposition intra-blood vessel.

现代医学理论认为，外伤后组织存留的血清状态的脂肪组织受到动员，同时，损伤部位的血管外源性脂肪进入血循环，而创伤引起的机体反应使血液动力学发生改变，血小板、红细胞、白细胞及血脂乳化不稳定所析出的脂质颗粒等，均可聚集于以上脂滴的表面，使之体积增大，加之组织凝血活化酶的释放，促使血管内凝血，纤维蛋白沉积的发生，从而形成脂肪栓子，导致脂肪栓塞。

Three modes of microexplosions,i.e.,slight fragmentation of dropl ets before ignition,part and full fragmentations of droplets during burning peri o d,were observed under different pressure and temperature,and characteristic phot ographs of droplet microexplosions were given.Microexplosion delay time,temperat ure and diameter of droplets were also measured quantitatively.

观察到液滴在不同环境压力和温度下的3种微爆模式，即液滴在着火前的轻度破碎、液滴在燃烧时的部分破碎和全部爆碎，并给出了微爆过程的特征照片，定量测试了液滴微爆延迟期、微爆温度和微爆直径与环境压力、温度的关系。

After analysing the flight, cooling and undercooled solidification of multistage atomized droplets, this paper adopts Newtonial cooling, highly undercooled heterogeneous nucleation and steadystate continuous growth model to calculate and simulate numerically the thermal history of droplets and effect of main atomization process parameters during multistage atomization. The results indicated that large undercooling occur mainly during later stage of multistage atomization while recalescence and rapid quenching occur mainly during forced cooling stage.

在分析多级雾化过程雾化微滴的飞行冷却和过冷凝固特点及规律的基础上，本文采用了牛顿冷却、大过冷非均匀形核及稳态连续生长模型，对纯铝多级雾化过程中微滴热历史以及主要雾化工艺参数对其的影响作用进行了数值分析和计算，结果表明：大过冷主要是在多级雾化后期形成的，再辉和急冷则主要发生在强制冷却阶段。

The produced water which was made by crude oil dehydration containing polymer, alkaline and surfactant, brought many technique problems in the water treatment process system, this made the polymer flooding and water flooding water treatment technologies difficult to suit to the disposal requirement of the special water. The developed experiment research indicated that: because of the surfactant, the semidiameter of the oil droplets in the ASP flooding is much smaller than that in polymer flooding, and the stability of the oil droplets is higher than that in polymer flooding, The viscosity and combine difficulty of the oil droplets increased, and all the changes of speciality resulted in the increased difficulty in the ASP flooding produced water disposal.

三元复合驱采出液经脱水后得到的采出水中，因含有聚合物、碱和表面活性剂，给采出水处理工艺系统带来了一系列的技术问题，使已经应用于水驱和聚合物驱采出水处理的技术难以适应这种特性的采出水的处理要求，已经开展的实验研究表明：三元复合驱采出水中由于表面活性剂的存在，使采出水中油珠的粒径远远小于聚合物驱采出水，油珠的稳定性明显大于聚合物驱采出水；由于聚合物的存在，采出水粘度增大，使油珠聚并难度增大，这些特性的变化造成三元复合驱含油污水的处理难度大于聚合物驱。

PartⅡFeasibility of vitrifying normospermic samples using droplets without cryoprotectans Objective Discuss the feasibility of droplets to vitrify normospermic samples without cryoprotectants. Methods Normal prepared sperm were frozen by conventional freezing protocol and non-cryoprotectant freezing in droplets respectively. Freezing in droplets means freezing sperm in every 10ul drop. After thawing, compared the two groups'sperm mobilities.

第二部分微滴法无保护剂玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性探讨目的探讨在不添加冷冻保护剂的情况下微滴法玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性方法收集16份正常精液标本，上游处理后分别进行慢速冷冻和微滴法冷冻，微滴法即用拉细巴氏管将标本形成10ul的液滴，直接投入液氮内冻存，复苏后镜检其活动率。

The crucial procedure of contour detection for microscopic image of sprayed droplets and measurement of granularity is to segment droplets from background by producing binary images. The singular threshold is uneffective because the image is very different in illumination. In this paper, a fast maximum entropy image thresholding algorithm based on local gray feature is presented to exact sprayed droplets from background and preserve contours of droplets.

雾滴图像的颗粒提取与测量关键是分割出雾滴与背景，生成二值图像，由于雾滴图像光照不均匀，用单一阈值无法兼顾亮区与暗区，本文提出了一种基于局部灰度特性快速最大熵动态阈值选择算法分割出雾滴微粒并提取雾滴轮廓。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。