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The development of MEMS optical switches including electromagnetism driven mobile micro-switch, electrostatic driven optical switch, optical switch matrix of MEMS optical amplifying and spray-ink air bladder MEMS optical swith, wavelength selective switch, both at home and aboard is reviewed, and the structures, performances and fabrications of these components are analyzed.

介绍了目前国内外光纤通信系统中所涉及的电磁驱动移动式MEMS光开关、静电驱动式光开关、基于MEMS光大器的可扩展型光开关矩阵、喷墨气泡MEMS光开关、开环式1×N波长选择MEMS光开关。对这些器件的结构原理，制造方法及其性能指标作了分析。

In this paper, the bump patterns for flip-chip packages are discussed first, then an experiment is setup to study the dispensing phenomena for different bump patterns, and the CAE software is used to analyze and identify with experiment mutually. From these thorough comparisons and analytical analysis, the existence of channel could slow down the flow, the high density of bump could speed up the flow, and it could avoid the air trap by modified the bump and channel's arrangement on flip-chip package. Then flows in rectangular microchannels driven by capillary force and gravity are discussed; furthermore, the theoretical model of flow in microchannel driven by capillary force and gravity is formulated from the Navier-Stokes equations.

本文首先针对覆晶底部充填进行相关理论推导、实验与模拟，探讨不同凸块配置模型所造成的波前不平滑现象对底部充填流动的影响；即依据相关参数建立模型进行底部充填实验，同时以CAE(Computer-Aided Engineering)模流分析软体进行模拟，在完成理论探讨、实验与模拟分析之后，交叉比较理论、实验与模拟分析结果，归纳出影响底胶充填流动之因素，由结果显示在凸块密集度较高的区域，凸块可以帮助流动，但是在凸块区后方的沟槽区域则因为凸块区所提供之流量不足，所以会造成波前落后的现象，另外藉由修改凸块与沟槽配置的关系，可以有效的控制波前形状的变化情形，避免产生包风现象。

Through functional analysis, the design of a stepper motor as the executing agency of the power source, through the stepper motor to drive the clutch of positive and have positive and negative-driven torque, the use of Extraction change for the stepper motor torque output , The use of torque sensors and angular displacement sensors to measure vehicle-borne by the driven clutch of torque.

通过功能分析，该设计采用步进电机作为执行机构的动力源，通过步进电机的正反转来驱动离合器从动盘产生正反扭矩，使用减数器改变步进电机输出的扭矩，使用扭矩传感器和角位移传感器来测量汽车离合器从动盘所承受的扭矩。

One of the electric field sensing transmission electrodes (36) is driven with an alternating voltage (130) comprising at least some antiphase portions, for example an inverted signal, in comparison to an alternating voltage (120) with which the other electric field sensing transmission electrode (34) is driven.

其中一个电场感测发射电极(36)由交变电压(130)驱动，与用于驱动另一个电场感测发射电极(34)的交变电压(120)相比，交变电压(130)包括至少某些反相位部分，例如反相的信号。

The design of the device using NC Lathe CA6240 control, part of the main transmission system using AC spindle motor and graded by the pulley driven spindle gearbox, through the inverter and gearbox to achieve sub; Feed System used by stepper motor driven ball screw slowdown after campaign vertical feed system through a gear after the ball screw drive, in the horizontal feed system through two gear-driven ball screw; Tool to automatically transfer tool carrier (4-position), thus achieving automatic tool change; by MCS-51 series 8051 data to be dealt with.

本设计利用数控装置对CA6240普通车床进行控制，主传动系统部分采用交流调频主轴电动机经带轮及分级齿轮变速箱驱动主轴，通过变频器和齿轮变速箱实现分段无级变速；进给系统采用步进电机通过减速后驱动滚珠丝杠运动，在纵向进给系统中通过一级齿轮减速后驱动滚珠丝杠，在横向进给系统中通过二级齿轮减速驱动滚珠丝杠；刀架改为自动转位刀架从而实现自动换刀；通过MCS-51系列8051单片机对数据进行计算处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲信号控制进给速度和行程；为了保持切削螺纹的功能，要在主轴外端或其它适当部位装上脉冲发生器；将车床的手动尾座改造成为可控电动尾座。

A transmission for vehicles is provided with a plurality of drive gears, an input shaft connected to the drive shaft of an engine, an output shaft disposed parallel to the input shaft, a driven gear which meshes with each drive gear and is rotatably disposed on the output shaft, a synchromesh mechanism which has a sleeve movable in the axial direction of the output shaft, is engageable with a side portion of the driven gear, and couples the driven gear to the output shaft, and a parking gear formed integrally with the sleeve of the synchromesh mechanism.

用于车辆的传动装置配备多个驱动齿轮；连接到发动机的驱动轴的输入轴；与输入轴平行设置的输出轴；与每个驱动齿轮啮合并且可转动地设置在输出轴上的被驱动齿轮；具有可沿输出轴的轴向移动的套筒，可与被驱动齿轮的侧部啮合并且将被驱动齿轮连接到输出轴的同步啮合机构；和与同步啮合机构的套筒一体形成的泊车齿轮。

The unfeasibility of discrete event driven simulation for high-speed network is discussed; two simulation algorithm based on time driven simulation are given, one of which is as precise as that based on discrete event simulation, but is faster, and the other gets less precision, but is much faster than the former. Comparing with the algorithm based on time driven fluid simulation, both of the proposed algorithms support the succeeding simulation for high-level protocol.

其中一种算法在精度上与离散事件驱动仿真算法一致，但仿真速度明显加快，另一种算法存在一定的仿真误差，但仿真速度要高得多；与时间驱动的流体仿真相比，这两种方法都是针对离散系统的仿真，能提供对上层协议仿真的支持。

Subcontract-driven industry of east China has been pushed in unprecedented predicament. In this paper, it is thought that root cause of present predicament is the defect of the export-oriented subcontract industry itself, which is leeched on producers-driven and buyers-driven mode dominated by TNCs and international big buyers.

内容提要东部地区产业困境的根本原因在于出口导向型代工产业模式自身缺陷--严重依附于跨国公司和国际大买家的生产者驱动和购买者驱动，所以，金融危机只不过是一个&放大器&。

In order to compare the performance of electric-driven compression type refrigerating machine and steam-driven lithium bromide absorption machine,defines a modified performance coefficient—equivalent performance coefficient based on the analysis of existing indices for electric-driven compression type refrigerating machines.

为便于比较电动压缩式制冷机与蒸汽溴化锂吸收式制冷机的性能，在对现有制冷机性能评价指标分析基础上，提出了修正后的电动压缩式制冷机的性能系数———等效性能系数。

B: inner hole standard 54mm, outer diameter 127-160mm or so, various specifications of rolling screws, have modulus rolling rolling round the main motor shaft, fan shaft, worm and other products. C: Three-axis rolling wheels, the standard inner hole 25mm, 25.4mm, 35mm, 40mm, the main hollow tube rolling system, useful connections, art lamp, lighting tube teeth, elbows and so on. D: Automatic lathe accessories: cam, chucks, manual folder, Block, Block, steam-driven folder, sub-degree steam-driven clip seat, horizontal holder, manual horizontal sub-degree holder, a horizontal steam-driven sub-degree Block folder, sub-degree vertical folder manually Block, cylinder folder, CNC lathe tool, diamond grinding wheel, belts, metadata rods, measuring, activities Cam Block, feed rod, dental tube, Grinding, automatic lathes, table lathes, Rolling machine and so on...

产品采用进口钢材合金钢，高速钢专业材料，质量稳定精度高。A：二轴式台湾机型专用3T滚牙轮内孔标准50.5mm，外径90-100mm左右，台湾进口滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有各种直纹，网纹滚丝轮等。B：内孔标准54mm，外径127-160mm左右，滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有模数滚丝轮主要滚制电机轴，风扇轴，蜗杆等产品。C：三轴式滚丝轮，内孔标准25mm，25.4mm，35mm，40mm，主要滚制空心管件，管用接头，美术灯管，灯饰管牙，弯管等等。D：自动车床各种配件：凸轮，夹头，手动夹座，汽动夹座，分度汽动夹座，卧式夹座，手动卧式分度夹座，卧式分度汽动夹座，立式手动分度夹座，筒夹，CNC车刀，钻石砂轮，皮带，元棒，量具，活动凸轮座，送料杆，牙管，磨刀机，自动车床，桌上车床，滚牙机等等。。。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。