查询词典 doped

The Ni and Zn-doped spiculate α-FeOOH were prepared by the coprecipitation method and citric acid method using FeCl2、Zn(NO3)2、Ni(NO3)2 and NaOH as raw material and spiculate α-FeOOH as intermediate. Then they successively were enwraped by citric acid complex of the Ni and Zn and heat treated to get spiculate nano-Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. The particles size and slenderness ratio of spiculate nano-Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were successfully controlled by the doped mass of Ni and Zn in the coprecipitation process.

以FeCl2、Zn(NO3)2、Ni(NO3)2和NaOH为原料，借助针状α-FeOOH做为中间体，有效的把共沉淀法和柠檬酸法相结合，制得掺有镍和锌的针状纳米α-FeOOH，在其表面包裹镍和锌的柠檬酸络合物后，经热处理制得了针状的纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ，并通过控制共沉淀法过程中镍和锌的掺入量，有效的控制了针状纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 的粒径和长径比。

The element Sb exists in many forms in the film: transpositional atoms and compounds such as Sb2O3, Zn7Sb2O14 etc. ZnO crysal grains grow in mixing directions. The lattice relaxation and content of second phases increase when more Sb is doped. The UVA absorption of doped ZnO thin film obviously increases. The ultraviolet absorption peak narrows, the absorption intensity increases, the absorption margin becomes steep and moves to shorter wavelength about 5 nm, and the visible absorption increases in some sort.

薄膜中Sb以多种形态存在：替位原子和化合物(Sb2O3、Zn7Sb2O14)等，ZnO呈混晶方式生长；随着Sb含量的增加，其引起的晶格畸变和次晶相的含量逐渐增加；掺杂薄膜在远紫外波段的吸收显著增强，UV吸收峰变窄，强度增大，吸收边变得陡峭且向短波方向移动达5nm，在Vis波段的吸收有所增强。

The TC of doped samples is lower than that of undoped sample,whilethe resistivities of doped samples is two orders higher than that of the undoped sample.

在磁性上的直接反映就是，在掺杂样品的居里温度与未掺杂的样品相比有明显的下降，由此表现在输运特性上的变化就是掺杂样品的电阻率均出现了高达两个数量级的增加。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The function of 3dB fiber loop mirror in fine wavelength partition is studied. With this theory, a novel narrow linear band, dual-wavelength switchable Er-doped fiber laser is realized.2. An unpumped Er-doped fiber and broadband fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity is served as an auto-tracking filter, where the space hole-burning effect appears when the laser signal travels and forms standing wave, thus the generation of multi-longitudinal-mode is suppressed. Then the high birefringence fiber loop mirror is introduced to act as comb-liked wavelength filter.

主要包括：1、发现3dB光纤环镜的精细波长分割作用，并利用这种分割机制，研制成功一种窄线宽、双波长可转换的掺铒光纤激光器。2、利用未受泵浦的掺铒光纤以及宽带高反射率的光纤布喇格光栅做自动跟踪滤波器，当穿行其中的激光信号构成驻波时，出现了空间烧孔效应，从而抑制了多纵模的产生，引入高双折射光纤环镜做梳状波长滤波器。

If the flyash microspheres are activized by aluminate ester and doped in NR, the extend ration and permanent set of NR is better than the NR doped with SRF and superfine CaCO〓, but the hardness and tensile strength is worse than the last one.

铝酸酯活化微珠填充NR制品在伸长率和永久变形性能上优于半补强炭黑填充NR和超细活性钙填充NR制品，但在硬度和拉伸强度上有所降低。

If the microspheres are activized by silane coupling agent and doped in SBR/NR, the coal carbonization time is longer than the SBR/NR doped with SRF.

硅烷偶联剂活化微珠填充SRF/NR体系的硫化加工过程中焦烧时间比半补强炭黑填充SBR/NR体系有所延长。

The barrier layer is removed, and the walls of the trench are etched in a manner that etches the lesser doped regions of the substrate at a higher rate than the higher doped regions of the substrate to widen and lengthen the trench and to form rounded corners at the intersections of the walls of the trench.

除去阻挡层，并以比衬底的更高掺杂区域更高的速率蚀刻衬底的更低掺杂区域的方式蚀刻沟槽壁，将沟槽加宽和加长并在沟槽壁的相交处形成圆角。

But so far as the doped quantity of MoOs less than 5%, the abrupt electrical resistance change of the doped film still can reach 2 orders of magnitude, and commonly cant affect its application, so it is hopeful that temperature of the abrupt electrical resistance change can be reduced to room temperature scope.

不过只要MoO3掺杂量不高于5％时，掺杂薄膜的电阻突变仍可保持2个量级以上，一般不影响其使用功能，因此有望使电阻突变温度降至室温范围。

The calculational results show that on one hand,the phosphorus atom only affect the bondings of a few atoms of its vicinity,the conductivity increases as the doped concentration increases; while on the other hand ,the doped concentration is higher,the integrity of the diamond lattices are much worse.

计算的结果表明，一方面，磷原子只对它附近的几个原子内的成键有影响，电导率随着掺杂浓度的增加而增加；而另一方面，金刚石晶格的完整性则随着掺杂浓度的增加而降低。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。