查询词典 divided difference

The scattering properties of particles with different shape parameters are simulated respectively in the modes of reflection and refraction. Both in the modes of reflection and refraction, the phase difference of non-spherical particle's PDA signal is the unbiased estimate of the corresponding phase difference of ideal spherical particle, and the standard deviation of angle roughness scale on particle surface impacts little on the distribution of phase difference.

本文通过物理光学的方法分析了非理想球形粒子的散射特性，利用物理光学中的稳相点理论，导出了非理想球形粒子散射光的相位表达形式，分析了非理想球形粒子的形状对PDA信号相位及相位差的影响，建立了非理想球形粒子的尺寸分布与PDA信号相位差分布之间的关系。

To against an afterload of 1.96kPa(200mmH_2O), measure two groups of direct flow and antidromic flow, both begin with the pressure difference of 0mmH_2O, add more 20 mmH_2O every time ,measure three tines at each pressure difference, get the average value at each pressure difference.

测试分为顺向和逆向两组，在克服后负荷压强为1.96kPa(200mmH_2O)情况下，分别从0mmH_2O压力差开始，每隔20mmH_2O递增，测量通过静脉外间接人造瓣膜的生理盐水流量，每个压力差值测量3次，取平均值。

The structure of the execution organizations: Three kinds of differences were presented, including natural difference, functional difference between central and local organizations, and difference in division of decision-making.

一、在执行组织结构方面：呈现机关属性的先天差异、中央与地方的功能差异，以及事权划分的纠葛等三项分殊性。

Two new rules represented in equality for Demyanov difference: the Demyanov difference of summations of two pairs of convex compact complementary sets;the Demyanov difference of a set, which is the convex hull of finite number of convex compact sets, and a convex compact set complementary to these sets,are given.

为此给出了两个关于Demyanov差的新的用等式表述的运算法则：两个彼此互补的凸紧集对的和的Demyanov差，有限个凸紧集的凸包和与这些凸紧集正交互补的凸紧集的Demyanov差。

In chapter 5, we study necessary conditions for difference sets and we obtain the following: we proved that there are no nontrivial difference sets in dihedral group of order 4p〓, where p is a prime, d is a positive integer; we give a necessary condition for Hadamard difference sets in some group of order 4p〓, and completely solve a general case left in Dr.

在第五章中，我们研究了差集存在的必要条件。

This paper is an investigation of the differences between monosyllabic and disyllabic time adverb as a synonymy which display in three aspects: the difference of syllable of the modifying object,the difference of pragmatic rank and the difference of grammatical function.

同义的单音节时间副词和双音节时间副词之间，存在三个方面的差异：修饰对象的音节差异、语用移位的差异以及语法功能的差异。

Results 1 there were no significant differences of amplitude of accommodation and accommodative lag between the myopia group and emmetropia group. The differences of amplitude of accommodation between the myopia group and hyperopia group were significant (t=2.21, P=0.03.05; t=2.83, P=0.006.05). 2 The difference of accommodative lag between the dominant eye (0.73±0.31) D and non-dominant eyes (0.81±0.38) D in myopia group was signiflcant.3 The accommodative lag of dominant eyes was (0.68±0.36) D and it of non-dominant eyes was (0.75±0.34) D, the difference was significant (t=2.06, P=0.042.05, n=95).There was no significant difference between the amplitude of accommodation of dominant eye (12.9±3.09) D and non-dominant eyes (12.6±3.09) D.

结果 近视患儿的主导眼和非主导眼的调节幅度和调节滞后与正视儿童均差异无统计学意义；而其主导眼和非主导眼的调节幅度比远视患儿明显更大(t=2.21， P=0.03.05； t=2.83，P=0.006.05)；两组的调节滞后差异无统计学意义。50例近视患儿主导眼和非主导眼的调节滞后值分别为(0.73±0.31)D和(0.81±0.38)D，主导眼和非主导眼间差异有统计学意义(t=2.14，P＝0.038.05)；调节幅度分别为(13.39±3.51)D和(13.26±0.60)D，差异无统计学意义。95例观察对象的主导眼的调节滞后度为(0.68±0.36)D，非主导眼调节滞后度为(0.75±0.34)D，主导眼和非主导眼间的差异有统计学意义(t=2.06， P=0.042.05)；主导眼调节幅度(12.9±3.09)D，非主导眼为(12.6±3.09)D，差异无统计学意义(t=1.49， P=0.14)。

Result: Platelet aggregation rate of pretreatment and 8 weeks after treatment had significant difference, but hemostatic functions were similar. The incidence of cardiac event of two groups had no significant difference. The side effect of Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine had significant difference with granulocytopenia (3.4% vs. 0), gastrointestinal tract response (11.2% vs. 6.3%) and exanthem (9.0% vs. 3.2%) respectively, which need no drug withdrawal.

结果：治疗8周后的血小板聚集率与治疗前相比，差异具有显著性，而止血和血栓功能相似；治疗后两组心脏事件的发生率相似；噻氯匹定与氯吡格雷的副作用中性粒细胞减少（3.4％比0）、胃肠道反应（11.2％比6.3％）、皮疹（9.0％比3.2％），两组差异具有显著性，两组均无需要停药病。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

The average lengths of polar axis of Ferula and Heracleum are 29.67 and 34.07μm in which there are significant difference by rank-sum test, but the average width of equatorial axis are 17.07 and 15.65μm in which there are no significant difference, furthermore, the L/W are 1.76and 2.19 in which there are significant difference.

阿魏属和独活属植物的极轴平均长度分别为29.67μm和34.07μm，秩和检验表明二者差异显著；赤道轴平均长度17.07μm和15.65μm，差异不显著；极轴长/赤道宽的平均值分别为1.76和2.19，差异显著。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。