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Here we will describe from macro- to micro-dosimetry, and the theory of microdosimetry. This paper discusses the experimental and theoretical methods of determining microdosimetric quantities and distributions, and also radiation therapy with applications in radiobiology.

本文从剂量学和微剂量学的差异谈起，引入微剂量学的发展形成及其基本理论，介绍测量、计算微剂量的方法，并说明微剂量学与辐射生物学之间的关系，及其在放射治疗上的发展应用。

Fixed prosthodontics did not change the stress and strain distributions of abutment periodontal ligament but just made the values increased.

固定桥的修复基本没有改变基牙牙周膜的应力和应变分布规律，但使上述值明显增大。

Unless study design or post hoc adjustments have resulted in reasonable overlap of case-mix distributions, such risk-adjusted outcomes should not be used to directly compare one institution with another.

除非研究设计或post hoc校正已经导致病例组合合理的分布，这种危险度校正后疗效不应该被用于不同机构间的直接比较。

In the past 50 years, the diversities of granites and their temporal and spatial distributions have been gradually revealed.

与世界其它地区相比，华南花岗岩－火山岩演化及其成矿作用是有鲜明特色的。

On the basis of existing research results, we develop a model construction method based on common gridded model with random resistivity and velocity distributions to meet the needs of joint inversion and the complicated model with large variations of physical properties.

在已有研究成果的基础上，为了适应物性参数剧烈变化的复杂模型并满足联合反演的要求，开发了速度和电阻率随机分布共网格单元模型的建模技术。

We investigate the contact force distributions inside the static granular systems under the conditions of stochastic packing and confining pressure constraint. The influences of particle size distribution, packing fraction and constraint condition are also considered.

根据微观尺度下粒子的排列及接触特征，研究了静态堆积颗粒系统和围压约束下静态颗粒系统中接触力网的分布特征，同时分析了粒径分布、体积分数、边界条件等对接触力分布特征的影响。

From the simulations, we can see the distributions and transmission of strain and stress in model under different loadings, and the results explained the fractures very well. 4. Similarly, a axis FEM model was constructed to simulate the axis fracture, emphasized on the odontoid process. Three kind of odontoid process fracture were analysed on this model, which occurred respectively on the tip, the middle and the fundus. The results gave the best angle to fracture the odontoid process of the axis.

四、建立了枢椎的三维有限元模型，对枢椎齿状突骨折机理进行了理论上的研究，重点针对临床上齿突骨折的三种分类：1、齿突尖骨折；2、齿突腰部骨折；3、齿突基底部骨折，赋予齿状突在矢状面沿各种角度下受力条件，模拟衰椎前弓、襄椎横韧带以及CZ－3棘间韧带对枢椎造成的暴力破坏，确定了最可能引起齿状突暴力骨折的受力角度。

It is indicated that this loss will not change with the increase of the Reynolds number but the intensity of the passage vortex increases with the decrease of the Reynolds number. The tip leakage flow will weaken with the increase of the passage vortex because of the interaction between the passage vortex and the tip leakage vortex, and the position of the tip leakage vortex is more close to the middle of the passage. In addition, the distributions of the total pressure loss and the flow angle at the exit of the cascade are influenced by the intensity and the position of the tip leakage vortex.

结果表明：对于间隙存在造成的流动损失，数值模拟结果与实验结果及 Denton的预测值都十分接近，基本上不随着雷诺数的变化而变化；但是，随着雷诺数的减小，通道涡增强；间隙泄漏涡在和通道涡的相互作用中，强度减弱，在叶栅出口处的位置更加靠近中叶展；出口处的总压损失和气流角的分布也由于间隙泄漏涡强度和位置的变化而发生改变。

On the basis of it, the cascade flow field with endwall suction, the effects of suction on the different endwall locations (such as near the leading-edge, in the middle of the passage or near the suction surface) on the development of secondary flow, the distributions of total pressure loss coefficient and yaw angle are investigated respectively.

本文首先采用三维稳态时均N—S方程组的有限体积差分法及压力修正算法数值求解技术对一直列透平静叶栅通道内流动的发展进行了模拟，利用文献中的实验结果验证了计算方法与程序的适用性。

Compared to the D8 algorithm, the variances and skews of the distributions with the MFD algorithm are lower.

对于仅需要1n频率分布的水文模型来说，可以用单流向法取代多流向法来计算1n的频率分布。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失