查询词典 distribution

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

In the Mu Us desert, either vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation or vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation shows obviously vertical-layered character. When the irrigation is finished 24 hours later, there is little correlation between vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation and vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation. All of probability distribution of soil water content before irrigation are left-skewed distribution, but some of probability distribution of soil water content after irrigation is left-skewed distribution, some is right-skewed distribution or normal distribution. The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth. There is close correlation between the distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section, but the correlation debases as the horizontal section turns deeper. Also after irrigation close correlation occurs between the distribution of soil moisture of layers bordering upon each other, but which reduces with space of different layers being larger.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

This thesis mainly discuss following issues, Theory and simple expressions for array covariance matrixes are derived when angular spread functions are symmetric distribution functions, i. e. the Uniform distribution, the Gauss distribution, the Laplace distribution and the Von Mises distribution, and a non-symmetric distribution function, i. e. the Gamma distribution. And the relation between the effective signal subspace and the array number, or and the nominal angle of the distributed source, the angular spread, the distributed functions, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is gained. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the array number. And it is more obvious to the non-symmetric distribution. The dimension of the effective signal subspace decreases with increment of the nominal angle. And the distributed source is equal to a point source as θ=π/2. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the angular spread.

本论文针对阵列信号处理中广泛存在的分布源现象，主要讨论了以下问题：推导了角度分布函数分别为对称的均匀分布、高斯分布、拉普拉斯分布、Von Mises分布和非对称的伽马分布时，分布源阵列接收信号协方差阵的严格模型和简化模型，得到了单个分布源的有效信号子空间随阵元数、分布源中心角、分布角、角度分布函数和信噪比的变化规律：随着阵元数的增加，对所有角度分布函数的有效信号子空间维数也随着增加，且非对称分布函数的有效信号子空间充满整个空间的可能性更大；随着分布源中心角逐步增加，有效信号子空间维数逐步减小，当θ=π/2时，等价于点源情形；随着分布源分布角逐渐加大，有效信号子空间维数也随之增加，直到有效信号子空间充满整个空间；随着信噪比的增加，有效信号子空间维数有一定程度的减少。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

The main purpose of the thesis is choosing the more superior distribution among normal distribution, logarithmic normal distribution, weibull distribution, beta distribution and gamma distribution when they are used for fitting and forecasting ten main trees diameter distribution of natural secondary forest in baotianman on basis of analyzing and comparing the data from the 32 plots of natural secondary forest in baotianman.

以宝天曼天然次生林32块样地的调查数据为依据，分别以正态分布、对数正态分布，Weibull分布，Beta分布，Gamma分布拟合及预测宝天曼自然保护区天然次生林10种主要乔木树种直径分布，并对其适用性进行分析、比较，选出最适合于拟合及预测该林分直径结构的分布。

I have calculated the species diversity for 3 layers (i.e. tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer) by means of various biodiversity index formulas and analyzed the relative species abundance using 9 models of the probability density distribution functions, such as, 3 Distribution (or Beta Distribution, Weibull Distribution, Lognormal Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Negative Binomial Distribution ,Geometric Distribution, etc.. chi-square analyses were conducted on species distribution by using the chi-square test formulated by Pearson to test which distribution function is better, the result of chi square test made it possible to reject the other 8 distribution functions, theβdistribution function performs better than other probability density functions, it has a very close approximation, which can be used for the description of relative abundances of species in forest communities in this data set.

在相对多度研究上选用了九种概率分布模型，这九种概率密度分布函数依次为：贝塔分布、Weibull分布、对数正态分布、泊松分布、二项分布、负二项分布、几何分布、对数分布和奈曼A型分布，并进行了严格的卡方检验，结果表明：其它八种分布均被遭到拒绝，只有贝塔分布获得了通过，且拟合的结果非常理想。

At first, beginning with legal definition of power and right of distribution----the core concept of distributive institute, the paper analyses the characteristics of power and right of distribution, types and nature and legal attribute of it, proposed the concept of the power of distribution and the right of distribution, among them, the national power of distribution mainly include the planed regulatory power of GNP distribution, the distributive power of national finance, the power of taxation, the regulatory power of banking, the intervene power of price distribution etc. the distributive right of enterprise's income and the distributive right of resident's income are the main content of the right of distribution.

首先从作为分配法律制度核心范畴的分配权的法律界定入手，详细全面地分析了分配权的特征、类型划分、性质和部门法归属，提出了以调整国民收入分配关系为目标的国民收入分配的计划调控权、国家财政分配权、征税权、金融调控权、价格分配干预权等为主要内容的国家分配权力，以及以企业收入分配权、个人收入分配权为组成部分的分配权利的法律内容。

Unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution pen busbar unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cubicle lighting.plug and heating unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution measuring and ac-distribution unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution 220vdc control2 unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution control circuit breaker unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution automatic interconnection2 unit 22 device list unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cubicle lighting.plug anh heating unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution ac/dc supply control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cb supply 1 control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cb coupling control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cb supply 2 control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution cb supply 1 control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution high pressure pump.bearing de control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution stillstand heaters control control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution oil mist suction device de control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution h press pu.bearing de stand-by control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution oil mist suction device nde control unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution indication unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution automatik input unit 22 400vac low voltage distribution circuit diageam unit…400vac low voltage distribution front view unit…400vac low voltage distribution inside view unit…400vac low voltage distribution cubicle view gauge board cover sheet gauge board front view gauge board inside layout gauge board fower supply gauge board cubicle lighting/heating gauge board 24vdc distributidn gauge board fault indication lamps gauge board fault messages to control gauge board temperatures thrust bearing gauge board temperatures de/nde guiide bearing gauge board temperatures de/nde bearing oil reservoir gauge board temperatures cold air from coolers gauge board display temperatures cooler 1-10 gauge board display temperatures cooler 11-20 gauge board temperatures hot air from coolers gauge board display tem.

单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配钢笔 busbar单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配小卧室 lighting.plug 和暖气单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配测定和 ac-分配单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 220 vdc control2单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配控制线路断路器单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配自动机械 interconnection2单位 22本装置目录单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配小卧室 lighting.plug anh 暖气单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 ac/直流补给控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 cb 补给 1 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 cb 联结控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 cb 补给 2 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 cb 补给 1 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配高度强迫 pump.bearing de 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 stillstand 加热器控制控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配油雾吸装置 de 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 h 杂志报纸 pu.bearing de 台子-被控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配油雾吸装置 nde 控制单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配指示单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配 automatik 输入单位 22 400 vac 低的电压分配线路 diageam单位…400休假低的电压分配前面视野单位…400休假低的电压分配内部看单位…400休假低的电压分配小卧室视野精确计量董事会掩护张精确计量董事会比较前面的视野标准度量在地面区划之内搭乘标准度量董事会 fower 补给标准度量董事会小卧室照明/暖气标准度量董事会 24 vdc distributidn标准度量董事会过失指示灯精确计量董事会过失信息控制标准度量董事会温度插入了举止标准度量董事会温度 de/ nde guiide 举止生的标准度量董事会温度 de/ nde 涂油水于水库标准度量董事会来自冷却器的温度冷空气精确计量董事会展览温度冷却器 1-10精确计量董事会展览温度冷却器 11-20标准度量董事会来自冷却器的温度热气精确计量董事会展览 tem。

Based on the tomato and eggplant supply data of Shanghai in sequence of year, using meteorological data in SAMR(The data management system of Shanghai Agricultural Meteorology Report) and screening the meteorological factors related to the vagetable output, the authors carried out curve fitting and estimation of related parameters of distribution function.

Gompertz曲线和对数正态分布函数(Logarithmic normal distribution function)作为这二种蔬菜上市趋势的数学模型，进行曲线拟合，先调用上海市农业科学院测试中心的SAMR农业气象资料数据库所存贮的气象数据，筛选与该蔬菜产量有密切相关的气象因子，再用多元回归方法对初选因子作进一步的筛选，从而估计出分布函数的有关参数。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。