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Last week figures were released for the 2006 English wine harvest (which includes the produce of Welsh vineyards – the term English is retained to distinguish the produce of fresh grapes grown in Britain from "British wine", a much less appetising animal made from reconstituted grape concentrate imported in bulk from cheap suppliers).

上周公布了2006年英格兰葡萄酒收成的数据（其中包括威尔士葡萄园种植的葡萄——保留英格兰这一用语，以将不列颠种植的新鲜葡萄酿造的酒和"英国葡萄酒"区别开来，英国葡萄酒指的是口感差很多、从廉价供应商处批量进口的还原葡萄浓缩汁酿造的酒）。337万瓶成为了这些岛上有史以来第三大的产量。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

It is presented that indirect assimilation experiment of CMW data from TCFM method improves effectively not only on vertical velocity field but for precipitation.4 Based on theory analysis, E-Ir relationship is brought forward with two electrification mechanisms. One is inductive mechanism, i.e., cloud particles collide with precipitation particles then flick away, the other is noninductive mechanism because of different temperature, i.e., bigger supercooled cloud particles collide and freeze with hail particles combined with ice scraps. By means of CINRAD and FY2C data assimilation, precipitation intensity Ir can be obtained, then electric field intensity E, discharge time and locations can be achieved with supposed threshold 300KV/m. Though it can not distinguish between IC (Intra-Cloud) lightning and CG (Cloud-to-Ground) lightning, results are still comparable to LLS observations.5 Example analysis shows that the relationship between precipitation data from AMS and CG data from LLS is not very clear.

同化实验对于台风眼区的螺旋形雨带贡献显著，说明TCFM云导风资料同化实验不仅有效调整了模式的垂直速度场，还对降水模拟有了明显改善。4通过理论分析，利用云粒子与极化降水粒子碰撞并弹离的感应起电机制和较大过冷云滴与雹粒碰冻并产生冰屑的温差起电机制下得到的E-Ir，由雷达、卫星遥感资料直接和间接同化模拟得到Ir，来反推E，了解雷暴云中闪电强度的平面分布，设置放电阈值为300KV/m，推算出放电的位置和首次发生闪电的时间。

When transformation of parts of speech takes place, we should distinguish synchronism from diachronism, grammar from rhetoric anti fixity from temporariness.

转类，应当区分历时和共时、语法和修辞学、固定的和临时性的。

But, on the other hand, the industry which operates immediately upon the soil has, as we shall see hereafter, some properties on which many important consequences depend, and which distinguish it from all the subsequent stages of production, whether carried on by the same person or not; from the industry of the thresher and winnower, as much as from that of the cotton-spinner.

但另一方面，我们将看到，直接和土地打交道的劳动，具有某些特殊性质，这些性质会造成很多重要后果，并使这种劳动和所有随后的生产阶段有所区别，不论随后的生产活动是否由同一个人进行，使它既与打谷者和扬谷者的劳动有所区别，又与纺纱工的劳动有所区别。

From the pyrolyzed product at 200℃ of Gephyrocapsa oceanica a group of C〓 dicycle terpenoids were firstly identified. They were highly instable and sensitive to temperature because they can only generate at 200℃ and segregate or transform at higher temperature. Therefore they can not only be an indicator of special temperature of organic matter originated from G. oceanica, but can be used to distinguish organic matter from G. oceanica before the hydrocarbon generation peak.

在近海颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica 200℃产出的饱和烃中首次检出了一组C〓二环萜类化合物，这一组特殊的C〓二环萜类化合物在颗石藻来源的有机质中是高度不稳定和温度敏感的，因为它们只在200℃时才形成，更高的温度条件下便解离或转化了，因此，它们既可以是近海颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica来源有机质的特定温度条件的指示，又可以被用于判识该藻类在成烃高峰到来前所形成的有机质。

It should be borne in mind, however, that the apocryphal character of these writings, that is to say, their rejection from the canon, and their ungenuineness do not imply that no heed whatever should be taken of some of their assertions; side by side, indeed, with unwarranted and legendary facts, they contain some historical data borrowed from reliable traditions or documents; and difficult though it is to distinguish in them the wheat from the tares, it would be unwise and uncritical indiscriminately to reject the whole.

应该紧记，不过，无可猜测性质的这些著作，也就是说，他们拒绝接受由佳能，其ungenuineness并不意味着没有理会什么，应该考虑到他们的一些断言；并排的确，没有必要和具有传奇色彩的事实，它们包含了一些历史资料，借来的，由可靠的传统或证件；难点虽然这是分辨在他们的小麦从tares ，这将是不明智的和批判盲目否定整体。

It should be borne in mind, however, that the apocryphal character of these writings, that is to say, their rejection from the canon, and their ungenuineness do not imply that no heed whatever should be taken of some of their assertions; side by side, indeed, with unwarranted and legendary facts, they contain some historical data borrowed from reliable traditions or documents; and difficult though it is to distinguish in them the wheat from the tares, it would be unwise and uncritical indiscriminately to reject the whole.

应该牢记，然而，未经性质的这些著作，这就是说，他们拒绝从佳能，其ungenuineness并不意味著不听取任何应考虑到他们的一些说法；肩并肩的确，无理和传奇般的事实，它们包含了一些历史数据可靠借用传统或文件；和困难尽管它是要区分他们的小麦从tares ，这将是不明智的，不分青红皂白地盲目拒绝的整体。

The Wenghui Biota of the late Doushantuoan in Northeast Guizhou not only contains some elements of the Miaohe Biota from West Hubei, the Lantian Flora from South Anhui, the Ediacara Funa from South Australia, and the White Sea Biota from Russia, but also has its own characters to distinguish other Ediacaran biotas.

黔东北陡山沱期晚期瓮会生物群不但含鄂西庙河生物群和皖南蓝田植物群的分子，也有南澳大利亚伊迪卡拉生物群和俄罗斯White Sea生物群的分子，而且有别于其它伊迪卡拉期生物群。

To investigate the methods to effectively and simply assess the CAG repeat size of HD gene which was necessary for gene diagnosis of Huntington disease, the sequence including polymorphic CAG repeat of HD gene was amplified by PCR with TaKaRa LA Taq DNA polymerase and GC buffer. PCR products were analyzed on polyacrylamide gel to distinguish normal alleles from HD alleles. The DNA fragments of affected alleles were recovered from polyacrylamide gel as templets for secondary PCR. The secondary PCR products were cloned into T vector for sequencing analysis to determine CAG repeat size. A total of 20 normal individuals and 3 members from a HD pedigree were included in this study.

为了简单高效检测HD基因开放阅读框5'端n三核苷酸重复序列，建立快速准确的亨廷顿病(Huntington disease， HD)基因诊断方法，应用TaKaRa LA Taq DNA聚合酶配合GC buffer扩增HD基因包含n重复序列的目的片段，非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测后回收n拷贝数异常增多的目的片段，再次PCR扩增后将产物连接至T载体，进行DNA测序确定CAG的拷贝数。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。