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Permanent magnet synchronous motor drived by triphase sinusoidal current is research object in this paper. Its mathematics models are set up and the different control menthods are discussed, controlling Principles of flux linkage and torque are discussed under DTC and the block diagram of PMSM with DTC is Presented. At last the control mothod is proved correct using MATLAB simulation software.

文章以二相正弦波驱动的永磁同步电机为研究对象，建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型，对于不同的控制策略进行了对比分析，并深入探讨直接转矩控制中永磁同步电机的磁链和转矩的控制思想，给出控制方案，最后利用MATLAB仿真工具验证了控制方案的正确性。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

this paper discussed several untestable assumptions which were often used in epidemiologi-cal observational studies,and some paradoxical results that may arise under different assumptions were showed.simpson's paradox and lord's paradox were introduced.assumption of treatment assignment in causal inference of epidemiological studies,assumption of control group in evaluation of exposure ef-fects,and assumption of missing data mechanisms in incomplete data analysis were also discussed.

本文主要讨论流行病学观察性研究中几种常用的假定，介绍simpson's悖论和lord's悖论，逆回归问题，以及在不同假定下可能出现的相互矛盾的结果。探讨流行病学研究的因果推断中处理分配机制的假定，暴露作用评价中对照组的模型假定，以及不完全数据分析中缺失数据机制的假定。

As a application of this theory, we discussed the interpolation problems in which the nodes are ununiform rectanglar grids in real space. We gave the lowest interpolation bases of nodes in rectanglar and sidestep-shaped area. Another application is for finite elements theory. We mainly discussed finite elements of Hermite-Birkhoff type interpolation and gave a new algorithms for a interpolation bases.

作为上述理论的具体应用，我们一方面讨论了插值节点为实空间上的非均匀矩形格点的插值问题，主要给出了矩形区域和阶梯形区域中格点上插值问题的按序最低的插值基的一般公式，另一方面我们研究了多元插值在有限元中的应用，主要是针对Hermite-Birkhoff型插值的有限元给出了计算插值基函数的算法。

And the direction query efficiency based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 2 The algorithms of nearest neighbor and reverse nearest neighbor about point, line and ploygen based on multi-approximate index are proposed after the virous methods of distance measure are discussed in detail. And the query efficiency of NN and RNN based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 3 The basic concept of semi-join and the strategy of distance-direction semi-join are introduced. And the model of distance relationship, direction relationship and the bounding for spatial object are discussed. Then the method is presented about how to implement the query of distance-direction semi-join, and the efficiency of the algorithm based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index.

即：1在方向关系矩阵模型、开域方向模型基础上，讨论了基于多重近似索引下的定性与定量方向检索方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的方向检索效率进行了对比分析；2详细讨论了各种距离度量方法，提出了基于多重近似索引下的点、线、面的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询算法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询效率进行比较分析；3介绍了半连接的基本概念，探讨了距离关系、方向关系以及空间对象数量的约束模型，给出了基于多重近似索引下的距离方向半连接实现方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的距离方向半连接的效率进行了比较分析。

The effects of every main factors on extraction ratio are discussed, and the optimum conditions of extraction effective components from zizyphus jujuba are determined with the orthogonal test. Optimum conditions are obtained by using a new method of H2O2-decoloring in alkalescent condition, and effects of correlation factors on decoloring ratio are discussed. The yield ratio of polysaccharide is above 5.26% under these optimum conditions.

首先研究了不同提取过程中各因素对多糖提取率的影响，结合正交实验确定了微波最佳提取工艺条件；然后采用双氧水弱碱性条件下脱色新工艺，并对脱色各影响因素对多糖脱色率的影响进行了讨论，最终得出最优脱色条件，使多糖得率达到5.26％以上。

Based on the summary of development of greened GDP accounting,this paper discussed on what greened GDP is,and greened GDP accounting,as well as what greened GDP for forest accounting is and its development tendency, furthermore, the main contents on greened GDP for forest accounting which includes wooded land,forests,forest products,expenditures on forest management and protection,and others discussed in this paper.

在对绿色 GDP核算由来综述的基础上，论述了什么是绿色GDP、绿色 GDP核算、绿色GDP森林核算和发展趋势，并论述了绿色GDP森林核算的主要内容以及绿色GDP森林核算的方法。

At last, the design method with correlated formula of cast-in-situ bored piles with grouted toe were given out and parameters which govern the formula were also discussed. Some problems which should be concerned in grouting construction were discussed.

文中提出了不同土层中桩底灌浆桩竖向承载力的设计方法，给出了相应计算公式，对各种情况下的参数取值提出了建议，并对桩底灌浆施工过程的关键环节和需注意的问题进行了讨论。

Thus,imputes and resistance as well as their relation have been studied and discussed simultaneity based on summarization of previous studies. Also,the mechanism about how to manage and control the impetus and resistance effectively has been discussed in detail.

因此，在前人研究的基础上，本文将变革的动力和阻力同时进行分析和讨论，并就如何对其进行有效的管理和控制的机制进行了研究。

Many complicated phenomena existing in the fields of system forestry and system forest have been analyzed Especially from the view of modern forestry and non-linear dynamics, the dynamical mechanism that complicated phenomena could be produced has concisely been discussed And further their research methods that should be intercrossed with modern non-linear science are discussed All these should be of importance for constructing and perfecting the subjects of modern forest engineering

特别从现代林业工程系统和非线性动力学的角度，简要分析了复杂现象出现的内在动力学机理，并在研究方法上就如何和现代非线性科学结合，作了一些讨论，对于在系统林学、系统森林学的基础上，建设现代林业工程学具有一定的意义。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。