查询词典 discrete group

Constituting dicycle; 2. region selectively reducing six-membered ring ketocarbonyl radical; 3. introducing 7alpha-hydroxy group; 4. Aldol reaction to introduce side chain and obtain 8alpha-hydroxy group; 5. oxidizing the position 7 hydroxy group into ketone; 6. turning the configuration of the position 7 hydroxy group; 7. glycosidating the position 7 hydroxy group; and 8. eliminating protecting group to obtain the target compound.

该方法包括如下步骤：(1)双环的构建；(2)区域选择性还原六元环酮羰基；(3)7α-羟基的引入；(4)Aldol反应引入侧链，同时得到8α-羟基；(5)7位羟基氧化为酮；(6)7位羟基构型的翻转；(7)7位羟基的糖苷化；(8)脱除保护基得到目标化合物。

Methods BALB/c mice (n=176) were fed with lactalbumin and its hydrolysate, the models of oral tolerance were established, and control group A, lactalbumin group, partially hydrolysed lactalbumin group and extensively hydrolysed lactalbumin group (n=44) were divided. Meanwhile, BALB/c mice (n=83) were allergized and stimulated by lactalbumin to establish the models of food allergy, and control group B (n=41) and lactalbumin allergy group (n=42) were divided.

乳清蛋白及其水解物喂养BALB/c小鼠（n=176），建立口服耐受模型，实验分为对照A组、乳清蛋白组、部分水解乳清蛋白组、深度水解乳清蛋白组（n=44）；同时，用乳清蛋白致敏、激发BALB/c小鼠（n=83）建立食物过敏模型，实验分为对照B组（n=41）和乳清蛋白致敏组（n=42）。

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Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups:control group, EA group, atropine group, atropine＋EA group, L-NAME group and L-NAME＋EA group. LESP was observed and recorded by using three-channel perfusion manometric measurement system.

将48只Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、电针组、阿托品组、阿托品＋电针组、L-NAME组和L-NAME＋电针组，应用三通道微细注水式测压管和荷兰UPS-2020型食管测压系统测定大鼠LESP。

Methods:48 male SD rats,weighting 250-300 g,were divided into 4 groups,each group had 12 rats,they are normal control group,ischemic/reperfusion group,ischemic preconditioning group(Ⅲ group,Murry method) and adnine sulphate preconditioning group.

实验采用体重为250-300 g雄性SD大鼠48只，分4组，每组12只，即正常对照组；缺血再灌组；经典缺血预处理组；硫酸腺嘌呤预处理组。

Methods The cognitive impairment rat model was induced by hypodermic D-galactose injection and half fat feeder (6 weeks), the Morris water maze was used to screen the model rats, which were divided randomly into 4 groups (12 rats in each group): the model group, the hydrochloricdonepezil group (0.4 mg/kg, weight, sic passim), the low-dose Huannao Yicong Fang group (7 g crude drug/kg), the high-dose Huannao Yicong Fang group (14 g crude drug/kg), they were treated respectively by intragastric administration. Besides, a control group of 12 rats was set up, they were given tales doses of distilled water. After 4 weeks, the behavior of the rats was detected, the contents of plasma P-selectin and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA, also the hemorrheology was measured.

采用皮下注射D-半乳糖及喂饲半高脂饲料（6周）的方法造成大鼠认知功能障碍，Morris水迷宫行为学测试确定模型成功的动物，随机分成四组（每组12只：模型对照组给予等量水，盐酸多奈哌齐组（0.4mg/kg，体质量，下同），还脑益聪方低剂量组（7g生药／kg），还脑益聪方高剂量组（14g生药／kg），同时灌胃给药，并设立正常对照组，给予等量水。4周后，对大鼠行为学检测，应用酶联免疫法检测大鼠血浆P-选择素及PAI-1含量和血液流变学各项指标。

Finally this thesis analyses the efficient revocable group signature scheme with forward security proposed by Chen Shaozhen and Li Daxirig. An adversary can personate a legal group member by forge a group membership certificate, and then can forge group signatures that can be verified by a verifier. And the group manager can also forge group signatures that can be verified by a verifier. So the scheme is insecure. Meanwhile, there are redundancy steps in the scheme, thus the efficiency is low.

接着，对陈少真和李大兴提出的一种有效取消的前向安全群签名方案进行了密码学分析，一方面，攻击者可以通过伪造群成员证书来伪造能够通过验证的群签名；同时，群管理员也可以伪造一个可以通过验证的群签名，因此，该群签名体制是不安全的；另一方面，该体制存在冗余数据。

Methods: A retrospective study was performed including 397 women treated with IVF-ET with unilateral/bilateral salpingectomy or salpingoplasty for ectopic pregnancy or salpingemphraxis and patients with tubal infertility with existing salpinx. A total of 116 women with history of unilateral (n=70, group A) or bilateral (n=46, group B) received salpingectomy; 60 women with history of unilateral (n=27, group C) or bilateral (n=33, group D) receivedv salpingoplasty. While the remaining women, who were accomplished in the same duration, with fallopian tube obstruction but without hydrosalpinges were acted as control group (n=221, group E). The basic clinical information and ovarian response to gonadotropins were evaluated in these groups.

回顾性分析长方案超排卵IVF周期临床资料，选择397例因输卵管因素不孕患者，其中手术组176例，非手术组221例；手术组患者均因输卵管妊娠或输卵管阻塞、粘连或积水行单侧或双侧输卵管切除或输卵管修复整形手术，其中单侧输卵管切除组70例，双侧输卵管切除组46例，单侧输卵管整形组27例，双侧输卵管整形组33例；非手术组均未为双侧输卵管阻塞无积水患者，作为对照组。

The total effective rate of clinical effect was 88.1% in treatment group and 52.9% in control group. The clinical therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously better than the control group. Both groups had a notable seducement in HOMA-IR, FINS, FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, TG and LDL-C with an obviously improvement in ISI after the treatment. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a significant decrease in TC and CRP with notable difference.

治疗组总有效率为88.1%，对照组总有效率为52.9%，治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。2组患者治疗后HOMA-IR、FINS均显著下降，ISI明显升高，空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均明显下降；2组治疗后三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均有下降，治疗组总脂固醇、CRP显著下降，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。