查询词典 directive

After a European Union directive obliged European telecoms companies to "unbundle the local loop"—jargon for granting rival firms access to the copper wires running into homes and offices—prices for fixed-line telephone calls fell in Germany by more than anywhere else in Europe.

一项欧盟法令责令欧洲各大电信公司实行"本地环路分类计价"——该术语表示给予竞争企业使用联接家庭和办公场所线路的许可。在此之后，德国固话资费的降幅超过了欧洲其它地区。

The result of experiment proves that the matching layer transducer can use in arrays in effect, its directive parameter is not unconventionality change, and its power function is all right.

实验证明匹配层换能器能够有效的进行布阵，布阵后的指向性参数没有异常变化，功率线性良好等。

The only difference between the '-D' and the '-P' options is, that the latter predefines a macro such, that it is not undefinable through an #undef directive from inside the preprocessed program.

D' 选项和'-P'选项的区别在于，后者是预定义一个宏，即这个宏不能从预处理的程序内部通过#undef 指令来去定义。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

But the EU's proposed directive does not leave the field entirely unfenced.

但欧盟的提案并未将这一领域门户大开。

After giving a brief analysis of pressure hazards and accident simulation methods, the authors introduce the system of European PED - EN system for pressure equipment in order to eliminate or reduce pressure hazards by studying 97/23/EC Pressure Equipment Directive and EN13445 Unfired Pressure Vessels and describe the impacts of PED - EN system on the ASME pressure vessel codes and the...

本文在简要分析压力危险以及事故后果模拟方法的基础上，先结合97/23/EC《承压设备指令》、EN13445《非火焰接触压力容器》等规范标准，介绍以消除或降低压力危险为出发点的欧盟承压设备规范标准体系，再介绍美国应对欧盟97/23/EC《承压设备指令》的对策措施，最后提出按压力危险程度确定承压设备的范畴、以标准应满足法规要求的理念建立承压设备法规标准体系、开展承压设备基本安全要求研究、研究承压设备最新规范标准和我国应对策略、成立中国承压设备研究委员会等建议。

Be not academic and directive feature, group moves the binary target tie of the group and relatively unitary informal system to arrange, decided the advance gradually mode that Chinese economic system reforms.

非理论指导特征，第一行动集团的二元目标约束以及较为单一的非正式制度安排，决定了中国经济体制改革的渐进模式。

This part analyzes the semantics of assertive, directive, and commissive, and points out that a universal agent communication language must rely on universal common mental attitudes among agents.

我们提出了用以言行事行为或完成行为式来设计通信规划的方法。这一方法只要适当保存会话环境，便可以使agent能够以十分灵活的方式通信。

I Division actively promote the EU ROHS directive to import unleaded Products, in line with environmental requirements.

我司积极推进欧盟ROHS指令，导入无铅产品，符合环保要求。

Fuzzy self-tuning PID control this paper bring forwards has veriest intelligent and flexible, which has auto-measurement, gathering and dealing with real time data and show control result, etc. It has high control precision and directive meaning for processing quality heating metalwork.

本文提出的基于模糊的自整定PID控制算法的控制系统具有真正的智能化和灵活性，有自动检测、数据实时采集、处理及控制结果显示等功能，所获控制精度高，对高质量热处理件的加工具有指导意义。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。