查询词典 direct cost

And thus I provide the evidence to undermine the commonly held opinion that China's public companies improved their performance by increasing financial leverage ratio. Seventhly, the international comparison reveals that the development of capital market has direct influence on the industry performance and the capital markets of developed countries are more effective than those of developing ones. Whether the finance system is bank-dominated or capital-market-dominated means little to the effectiveness of capital market and also the industry productivity. Eighthly, capital market, bank and FDI differ markedly in the mechanism of financing selection, supervisory effectiveness and industry characteristics. Averagely, capital market is the most appropriate mechanism among the three out-sourcing financing, considering the supervisory cost and effectiveness comprehensively. Certainly, some flaws remain in this study.

因此，我们认为，中国各产业上市公司产业绩效的提高不是通过提高财务杠杆比例来实现的；第七，基于资本市场自身的国际比较研究表明，资本市场发展程度直接影响其对产业绩效的改善和促进程度，成熟市场的资本配置效率显著高于新兴市场，而金融体系以银行为主导还是以资本市场为主导，并不影响资本市场功能的有效发挥，也不对产业绩效的影响产生效率上的差异，仅仅表现为在多大规模或范围内对产业绩效产生影响；第八，基于资本市场、银行贷款及外商投资3种外源融资方式对产业绩效影响的比较研究，三种方式在融资选择机制、监督力以及所影响的产业特征方面均存在显著差异，三者对不同产业绩效的影响呈现互补作用，而资本市场是监督成本与效力结合较好的融资方式。

According to constraint-induced financial innovation theory, evadable financial innovation theory, the transaction cost innovation theory, and based on commercial banks" basic concepts and theory of intermediary operation"s development, in a comprehensive comparison between domestic and foreign commercial banks, this paper applies the econometric method of panel data to analyze 4 macroscopical indicators impacting on intermediary operation such as gross domestic product, per capita disposable income, total direct financing business and the average deposit and loan spreads, and the econometric method of time sequence to analyze 3 microcosmic indicators such as the rate of nonperforming loans, the rate of cash and assets, core capital adequacy ratio.

本文根据约束诱导型金融创新理论、规避型金融创新理论、交易成本创新理论等理论，以商业银行中间业务的基本概念和中间业务发展的理论依据为出发点，在全面比较国内外商业银行中间业务发展的基础之上，运用时间序列和面板数据分析方法，选择了国内生产总值、城乡居民人均可支配收入、企业直接融资总额和平均存贷款利差四个宏观经济变量以及不良贷款率、现金资产率和核心资本充足率三个微观经济变量，对影响我国国有商业银行中间业务发展的因素进行实证分析。

Although a lot of made great efforts, also can see a bit bear fruit, but final result is goodish. Wang Dagen invested a factory 2006, direct sortie produces a field, this lets him reach the link that offer money to have an advantage more in cost, greaten gradually to the appetite of overseas market.

虽然下了很多功夫，也能看到一点收效，但最终的效果差强人意。2006年王大根投资工厂，直接涉足生产领域，这让他在成本及供货环节更有优势，对海外市场的胃口逐渐变大。

Price has direct influence on producers' cost-benefit and consumers' purchasing willingness. The different expectations on safe vegetable price between producers and consumers result in the inequilibrium of market.

价格对生产者成本收益和消费者购买意愿有直接影响，生产者与消费者对安全蔬菜市场价格的期望差，导致市场处于非均衡状态。

In this project, to overcome those difficulties, a high performance, cost effective direct drive position control system with an ironless linear permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed.

步进马达由於其开回路控制、可靠性高、免维护以及低价位等特性，因此被广泛应用於运动控制系统；然而步进马达之输出性能受限於输入脉波的频率及外加之负载型态。

And thus I met Lorimer Davidson, Assistant to the President, who was later to become CEO. Though my only credentials were that I was a student of Graham's,"Davy" graciously spent four hours or so showering me with both kindness and instruction. No one has ever received a better half-day course in how the insurance industry functions nor in the factors that enable one company to excel over others. As Davy made clear, GEICO's method of selling - direct marketing - gave it an enormous cost advantage over competitors that sold through agents, a form of distribution so ingrained in the business of these insurers that it was impossible for them to give it up. After my session with Davy, I was more excited about GEICO than I have ever been about a stock.

就这样我遇到了当时还是副总裁的Lorimer Davidson，后来他成为GEICO的总裁，虽然我唯一的经历背景只是葛拉汉的一名学生，大卫还是很好心的花了四个小时左右的时间，好好地给我上了一课，我想大概没有人能够像我这样，可以幸运地接受如何经营保险业的半天课程，大卫很坦白地告诉我，GEICO的竞争优势在于-直接行销，这使得该公司相较于一般竞争同业必须透过传统的业务仲介的经营方式所负担的成本要低得许多，后者受限传统无法摆脱行之有年的行销网络，而在上过大卫的课之后，GEICO也成为我有生以来觉得最心动的一支股票。

Compared with the method via first preparation mirabilite, the direct preparation has the advantages of shorter process flow, fewer equipment, less investment, lower energy consumption and lower cost.

该方法与先制芒硝，再由芒硝制无水硫酸钠的方法相比，具有工艺流程短、设备少、投资省、能耗低和成本低等优点。

The parison thickness for extrusion blow molding has direct effects on the manufacturing cost of hollow plastic parts.

中空挤出吹塑型坯壁厚尺寸直接影响塑料容器的制造成本。

A direct method to prepare nanometre catalyst of positive electrode for methyl alcohol fuel battery is to add strong oxidant to a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and some other metal nitrate, to coat them on the graphite electrode to have catalyst precursor produced, then to prepare the non-platinum nanometre catalyst of metal ion-doped manganese dioxide with carbon as a carrier by thermolytic reaction of the in-situ precursor. The prepared catalyst has the advantages of high electrical catalytic activity of methyl alcohol, high performance to protect against CO poison and low price, and it can lower the battery manufacturing cost effectively as well as can raise the entire electrical property of the battery so that the price performance and the market competitive edge of the battery are enchnaced effectively.

一种直接甲醇燃料电池阳极纳米催化剂的制备方法是在硝酸锰和其它金属硝酸盐的混合溶液中加入强氧化剂，涂抹于石墨电极上制成催化剂先驱体，通过先驱体在原位的热分解反应来制备以碳为载体的金属离子掺杂二氧化锰非铂纳米催化剂；制得的催化剂具有高的甲醇电催化活性、高的抗CO毒化性能以及低廉的价格等优点，可以有效地降低电池的制造成本，提高电池的整体电性能，从而有效地提高直接甲醇燃料电池的性能价格比及市场竞争能力。

With our huge and modern production facilities, integrated with direct supply of fresh edible oil from our very own refineries and our own packaging material manufacturing;efficient packing operations;excellent logistics andstringent quality assurance system in place, we are confident to offer world-class, cost competitive, timely and undisrupted supply of goods and services to all our customers.

与我们的巨大的和现代化的生产设备，综合，直接供应新鲜的食用油从我们自己的炼油厂和我们自己的包装材料制造；高效的包装业务；出色的后勤andstringent质量保证体系中，我们有信心，以提供世界级的，成本竞争力，及时和顺畅供应货物和服务的所有客户。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。