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The crystal structure, phase transition, cross-section morphology and thermal expansion coefficient of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope and dilatometry respectively.

通过X射线衍射仪、热重-差示扫描量热、扫描电子显微镜、热膨胀仪等分析手段对样品的晶体结构、物相转变、断面微观形貌和热膨胀性能进行表征。

The methods concerned include X-ray diffraction ,thermal analysis,dilatometry,acoustic emission and electrical resistance,of which the last one is widely used in that,in addition to the fact that the testing process can hardly affect the samples,it has high precision,simple electro-circuits,and high speed as well.

讨论了形状记忆合金相变温度的常用测量方法的现状、优缺点及发展趋势，包括变温X 射线法、热分析法、膨胀法、声发射法及电阻法。其中电阻法精度高，电路简单，测量过程对试样的影响小，速度快，被广泛采用

8Co alloy have been studied by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dilatometry, tensile tests and Vickers hardness measurements. The inherent factors responsible for the low shape memory effect of polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si alloys have been revealed.

本文通过金相、透射电镜及X-射线衍射分析以及热膨胀、拉伸和硬度试验等手段研究了Fe-25.6Mn-5.1Si-4.1Ni-1.8Co合金中应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变和形状记忆效应，揭示了引起多晶Fe-Mn-Si系记忆合金形状记忆效应低的内在因素。

In addition, complex 14 was also characterized by HNMR, X-ray diffraction of complex 15 and 16 indicated they were dimeric in solid state.

结构测定显示它们在固态时也为二聚体。

A new organic compound, trans-2--5-dimesitylborylthiophene (abbreviated as DMASBT, 5) with dimesitylboryl, dimethylamino and styryl-thiophene as electron acceptor, electron donor and conjugate bridge respectively, was synthesized. Its crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction method indicates that the B-C bond between B atom and it bridge is obviously shorter than those of between B atom and mesityl groups. This remarkably strengthened B-C bonding can be regarded as an evidence of additional p-7t conjugation between the B atom and n bridge.

合成了以含硼基团为电子受体，以二甲胺基为电子给体，以苯乙烯基噻吩为共轭桥的新化合物2-[（4'-N，N-二甲胺基）苯乙烯基]-5-二米基硼-噻吩 trans-2-[(4'-N， N-dimethylamino) styryl]-5-dimesitylboryl-thiophene（简写为DMASBT，5）。X射线衍射方法测定其单晶结构表明，硼原子与π共轭桥之间的硼碳键相对于其它的硼碳键明显缩短，硼与π共轭桥之间存在除了σ键之外的p-π共轭作用。

The influence on the diffraction efficiency and the noise of diffusion was discussed when use dimethylbenzene and saturated sucrose solution as matching liquid. And the angular excursion of the reconstructed light beam caused by the two kinds of matching liquid was discussed in this paper.

对使用二甲苯及饱和蔗糖水溶液作为匹配液对漫射噪声及衍射效率的影响，以及带来的再现光角度的偏移进行了讨论。

Due to PDLC electrooptical properties, this grating can cause scattering or diffraction of an incident light dependent upon the applied voltage.

借助于聚合物分散液晶膜的电光特性，这种栅对入射光的散射或衍射取决于对其施加的电压，即它是电场可调的。

Firstly,two novel rare earth complexes(CH_2=CHO)Ln~Ⅲ[2,6-_2PhNSiMe _3]_2Li_3Ln=Y(2,Yb(3)containing arylamido and enolate mixed ligands have been synthesized by treatment of 2 equiv of of 2,6-~iPr_2PhNHSiMe_3 with exces n-BuLi at -78℃in THF for 12h,followed by reaction with 1 equiv of LnCl_3at 80℃for 24h in one-pot.All the two compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods,elemental analyses,and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.

首先，-78℃下，在两当量的2，6-~iPr_2PhNHSiMe_3(1)THF溶液中加入过量的n-BuLi，反应12小时，再加入一当量的LnCl_380℃下，反应24小时，一锅法合成了含胺基、乙烯醇基混合配体的新型稀土金属配合物(CH_2=CHO)Ln~Ⅲ[2，6-_2PhNSiMe_3]_2Li_3Ln=Y(2、Yb(3)，上述化合物结构经单晶X-ray衍射、光谱和元素分析表征，表明我们得到的是一类新型的三价稀土配合物。

Three novel rigid compounds 3, 6-bis[2-(4-pyridylethenyl]-9-ethylcarbazole (L~1), 3,6-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]-9-ethylcarbazole (L~2), 3,6-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-9 -ethylpyridylcarbazole (L~3) were successfully synthesized by Heck reaction, which were fully characterized by elemental analyses, NMR, MS, IR spectra and single X-ray diffraction analysis.

利用Heck偶联反应，成功地合成了三种新型刚性的吡啶基咔唑类化合物：3，6-二[2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基]-9-乙基咔唑(L~1)，3，6-二[2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯基]-9-乙基咔唑(L~2)和3，6-二[2-(4-吡啶基)吡啶基]-9-乙基吡啶基咔唑(L~3)，通过元素分析、核磁共振谱、质谱、红外光谱和单晶X-射线衍射等分析手段确证了它们的结构。

The results indicate that a regular diffractive facular lattice will appear in the maximum diffraction-free distance with the increase of the oblique incident angle.

结果指出，随着入射轴棱锥角度的增大，在最大无衍射距离内会形成有规则的光学点阵，这种光学点阵与三维光子晶体的结构相近，实验结果与数值模拟相吻合。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。