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The composition and cross section of Al films were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microcopy.

对渗Al层的成分和形貌分别利用X射线衍射分析仪和扫描电子显微镜进行了分析和观察。

The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microcopy, thermogravity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments.

产物通过X-射线粉末衍射，透射电子显微镜，热重分析，傅立叶红外光谱等手段进行表征。

The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microcopy. The electrochemical properties of the prepared materials were investigated by charge-discharge test.

采用了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对产物的结构和微观形貌进行了表征，同时通过充放电测试考察了所得样品的电化学性能。

The deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microcopy to investigate the influence of the buffer layer on the crystalline quality and surface morphology.

采用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了缓冲层对薄膜结晶特性和表面形貌的影响。

The microstructure and characteristics of them were tested by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy, AC impedance, and four-probe direct current methods.

利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、交流阻抗、直流四探针法等技术，对材料的结构及性能进行表征。

The oxide films were investigated by means of scanning electron microcopy, energy dispersion X-ray microanalyser, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X封线衍射、X射线光电子能谱时氧化膜进行了研究。

Some samples of TiO_2 nanocomposite material doped with W~(6+) were prepared by Sol-Gel process,The morphology and phase composition of TiO_2 film were studied by scanning electron microcopy,X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visual reflection spectrum.

以钛酸丁酯和钨酸钠为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法在不同基体材料上制备了掺杂W6+的TiO2纳米复合材料。

Metallographic analysis, analysis for fracture surface of scanning electron microcopy photographs, electron-probe analysis,X-ray powder diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope analysis have been done for the analysis of microstructurs、fracture apperance、structure,and has carried on the preliminary discussion to the toughening Mechanisms.

采用金相分析、扫描断口分析、能谱分析、x射线粉末衍射结构分析、透射电镜分析对合金化以及引入韧性第二相后的TiFe_2合金的显微组织、断口形貌、微观结构进行了分析，并对合金的韧化机制进行了初步的探讨。

Atomic force microcopy, transmission electron microcopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe are applied to study the microstructure, morphology and chemical composition of the chips, either as-implanted or annealed at different temperatures. It was found that the as-implanted Zn atoms aggregate into clusters scattering about 35 nm beneath the surface of the chips.

利用电子探针、薄膜X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜，对注入和热氧化后的薄膜成分、表面形貌和微观结构进行表征，探讨了热氧化温度以及注入剂量对纳米ZnO团簇的成核过程及生长行为的影响。

The influence of phase composition and the micrograph of the film were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

并通过XRD、SEM等手段分析了Fe(上标 3+)掺杂TiO2样品的相组成和表面形貌。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。