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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,ChinaThe method of numerical simulation based on coordinate transformation and diffraction theory was adopted to analyze the beam characteristics of waveguide lasers with hard-edge unstable resonators.Output beam quality was investigated considering non-uniform pumping and gain saturation.

基于衍射理论和坐标变换，采用数值模拟的方法分析了硬边非稳腔平面波导激光器的光束特性，研究了存在非均匀抽运和增益饱和时，输出激光的光束质量。

The phase structure,phase compositions,micro-structure characteristic and elements distribution of the Al203-MxOy hard-faced ceramic coating were analyzed by using large-field optical microscope and X-ray diffraction and electric probe .

通过采用大型金相显微镜、x-射线衍射仪、电子探针等设备分析了陶瓷涂层的相结构、相组成、组织特征以及陶瓷涂层中各元素的分布情况。

Complexes 4 and 7 were additionally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These results further certify the heteroatom coordination promoted homolytic reaction of the Ln-N bond.

通过上述实验结果进一步证实了经过杂环氧原子的配位，能促使Ln-N键均裂，得到Ln化合物，进一步拓展了这种合成二价镧系有机化合物的新方法。

The luminescent property of these materials was relative to the twisted angle between two benzene rings of the bridged biphenyl. The crystal structures of a series of seven-member heterocycle bridged biphenyls were determined by X-ray diffraction.

利用X射线单晶衍射仪确定了系列功能的七元杂环桥联联苯化合物的晶体结构，比较了桥联原子，6，6位取代基及分子间弱氢键对这类桥联联苯扭曲构象的影响。

Results The structure was determined by X-ray single diffraction,being a hexagonal system with space group R-3 and a=1.790 7(1)nm,b=1.790 7(1)nm,c=2.816 2(3)nm,α=90°,β=90°,γ...

不同单元的分子由分子间C—H…O氢键和C—H…π弱相互作用连接在一起，形成三维结构。

Surface modified nano-sized mgnesium hydroxide was prepared by direct precipitation method with magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials,and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate as modifying agent.The optimum dosage of modifying agent was 0.2% of the mass of magnesium hydroxide,which was confirmed by sediment volume experiment.Modified and unmodified samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscope,and tap density test.

以六水硝酸镁、氢氧化钠为原料，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠为改性剂，采用直接沉淀法一步合成改性纳米氢氧化镁，用沉降体积实验确定改性剂的最佳用量为氢氧化镁质量的0.2%，通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜、表观密度对改性前后的样品进行表征。

New methods of measurements of specimen thickness and non-elastically scattering mean free path are proposed based on the electron holograph combining with electron dynamic diffraction.

而且，在电子全息照片和电子动力衍射相结合的基础上我们提出了一种测量电镜样品厚度和样品非弹性散射自由程的新方法。

At last, we have a prospect about the future work and point out that the important works should be paid attention to in the future include improving the diffraction efficiency, improving wavelength resolution and researching more channels volume holograph grating.

最后，对今后的工作做了展望，并指出提高光栅衍射效率、增强光栅对波长的分辨能力、开展多通道波分复用器件等研究应该作为工作重点。

The diffractive optical elements,also called holographical optical elements, are ones based on the theroy of diffraction and non_traditional elements.

衍射光学元件又称为全息光学元件，是建立在衍射原理上的一种非传统光学元件。

Based on Huygens' principle, the basic equations in the ideal medium and the theory of field diffraction, the paper gives theoretical studies of ANC in space, including the mechanism of attenuation of noise, basic characteristics of radiation and the way of energy transfer.

本文从Huygens原理、理想媒质中的基本方程和场衍射理论出发，对空间有源消声的基本理论进行了探讨，分析了次级声源的消声原理、基本辐射特性和能量转换，提出了空间有源消声所减小的声能主要通过次级声源和初级声源本身转换成其它形式的能量的思想，并在实验上进行了验证。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。