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Phase identification and microstructure observation of the composites were performed by X-ray diffraction, Electron Probe Microanalyses and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that ZrB2 phase is equiaxed or near equiaxed, which is hexangular and less 1μm in size. ZrAl3 phase is long strip-shaped. The in-situ reinforcements are distributed uniformly in the matrix and the interface is clean,without any other chemical products.

借助于X射线衍射仪、电子探针和透射电镜对复合材料的物像和增强相进行了观察，结果表明ZrB2颗粒呈等轴或等轴颗粒状，为六方结构，尺寸大部分小于1μm，ZrAl3相大部分呈长条状，两种增强相整体分布较为均匀，且与Al的界面光滑洁净，没有其它界面生成物。

After comparing nonlinear simulation with linear, the results indicate that: Weak nonlinearity has definite and apparent influence on the distribution of acoustic fields and focused gain of array, which cause the distribution of waveform is closer to the array and the focused gain deteriorate ; the strong nonlinearity have a strong waveform aberration, because the other waves of non-fundamental frequency appear . No evident distinction is found in the effects between the oblique propagation and the vertical propagation, though less focused gain and influence caused by strong nonlinear produced by the acoustic diffraction which results in more attenuation in terms of oblique propagation.

将线性条件下的模拟结果与非线性条件下的模拟结果进行比较发现：弱非线性会对声场的分布和阵列聚焦增益产生一定的影响，使得声场分布波形比线性条件下的更加靠近阵列，聚焦效果变差；强非线性会使波形发生更严重畸变，这是由于产生了基频以外的其他频率声波引起的；非线性对斜向传播时声场分布的影响与垂直传播时的影响效果基本相同，但由于斜向辐射时的声波衍射造成的衰减要大于垂直辐射时的，因此聚焦增益和强非线性的影响都将小于垂直辐射时的情况。

Differential scanning calorimeter,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the effect of nucleating agent ZrO_2 on crystallization behavior and microstructures of the glass system.

采用DSC、XRD、SEM等分析测试方法研究了氧化锆含量对锗酸盐玻璃的析晶行为与显微结构的影响。

The crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction method, which show that the new complex [Co2-Co(2)(0H2)s] belongs to the bridging binuclear complex and the system of monoclinic with space group P211~,unit cell parameters a8.3850(10)A, b=27.386(4) A, c=9.610(2) A,~=98.280(10)~,V=2 183.8(6) A3 , Z=4, Dc=l.746Mg/m3,~i =l.597mm, F(000)=1168, Final R=O.0253 and wR=O.0610 S1.009 ,The two Co2~ are in distorted octahedrons. The part of [2Co] possess an approximate D2d symmetry, while the part of [OCo(2)(0H2)5] has an approximate C2 symmetry.

结构分析表明配合物(1)[Co1，(DPC2-Co(2)(OH2)5]是一个未见报导的桥联双核配合物，属单斜晶系，空间群为P2_1／c，晶胞参数：a=8.3850(10)A，b=27.386(4)A，c=9.610(2)A，β=98.280(10)A，V=2183.8(6)A~3，Dc=1.746Mg／m3，Z=4，μ=1.597mm-1，F(000)=1168，结构偏离因子R=0.0253和ωR=0.0610，吻合因子S=1.009，Co_(1)和Co_(2)的配位多面体皆为扭曲正八面体，[_2Co_(1)]部分具有近似D_(2d)对称性，[OCo(2)(OH_2)5]部分具有近似C_2对称性。

Optical diffraction is a physical phenomenon that have great applied value, the grating of subwavelength microstructures hold several specific properties beyond the ordinaries.

光的衍射是一种很有应用价值的物理现象，而亚波长微结构光栅具有一些常规光栅没有的独特衍射性质。

Ultra-high strength 23Co 14Ni 12Cr3MoE steel was shot peened and the surface residual stress of shot-peened specimens was determined during rotating bending fatigue by X-ray diffraction method.The surface residual stress decreases greatly in the first 10 cycles and it is steady alter 100 cycles.

工件表面的残余应力，对其疲劳性能具有重要的影响，喷丸强化工艺主要利用的就是在表层产生一定数值大小的残余压应力以提高疲劳抗力，但喷丸残余压应力在疲劳过程中并不是稳定的，在一定外力或/和温度的单独或共同作用下，残余应力可发生松弛['一5]。

In this thesis, the phase diagram of Zn-Al binary system on 10~69.5 w% was reinvestigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and pushrod dilatometer. The process of isothermal transformation during the aging of high-Aluminum-Zinc-based alloy was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, and the aging behavior of the alloy was analyzed at the aspect of thermal analysis kinetics. The change of microstructure which the alloy was being heated was observed on high-temperature metallurgical microscope. The microstructure and wear-friction properties were compared among the alloys treated with several different heat treatment processes, and a model for heat treatment processes was proposed based on artificial neural network,so as to predict the relationship between friction coefficient and parameters of aging treatment such as aging temperature and time.

本文采用高温X射线衍射、示差扫描量热分析、热膨胀等方法重新测定含锌量范围为10％～69.5％的Zn-Al系二元相图，利用示差扫描量热分析法，研究高铝锌基合金时效等温转变过程，并从热分析动力学的角度分析高铝锌基合金合金时效行为；使用高温金相显微镜观察合金加热时的组织变化；比较几种不同热处理工艺对高铝锌基合金显微组织与耐磨性能的影响并利用人工神经网络建立高铝锌基合金热处理工艺模型，预测合金摩擦系数随时效温度及时间变化规律。

The CTMAB-bentonite was remodified using CPAM. The effect of intercalation of this new type organobentonite was tested by X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectrum.

探讨了实验影响因素以及最佳的实验工艺条件，并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱分析对有机膨润土的插层效果进行了表征。

As the feature size decreases below the wavelength of the illumination system, the diffraction and other effects arising from resist developing and etching causes more and more distortion in the pattern transfer process. Today, new chips with very small feature size can not be manufactured without the support of RETs, OPC is one of the most important technologies in such RETs.

随着集成电路的特征尺寸逐渐下降到光刻所用的光源波长之下，由于光的衍射和光刻胶显影蚀刻等因素带来的不可避免的影响，硅片上实际印制出来的图形与设计图形不再一致，这使得如今的制造工艺已经离不开RET技术的支持，而OPC则是RET技术中的一项重要内容。

The numerical model is tested by computing wave field for several experiment terrain, and agreement between model results and available experimental data is found to be quite reasonable, which demonstrates the model's ability to simulate wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction and reflection et etc.

因此，文中在前人关于Boussinesq方程波浪数学模型研究的基础上，从质量守恒方程和Euler方程出发，推导了正交曲线坐标系下的改进型Boussinesq方程，进而建立正交曲线坐标系下的二

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"