查询词典 difficult labour

Deeply approaching the focuses and difficult points in the research of the Theory of Value,is conducive to correct wrong understandings on Marx's Theory of Labour Value and deepen the research and cognition on the Theory of Labour Value, and is also conducive to propel forward the theoretical innovation and development to Marx's Theory of Labour Value and gain new vitalities into this theory.

究竟该怎样认识和对待马克思的劳动价值论？简括地说：就是一要继承与坚持，二要创新与发展。简单否定劳动价值论，特别是根本没有弄懂和把握马克思的劳动价值理论的真谛和科学内涵，就妄加否定与批判，甚至通过错解和曲解来予以否定和批判，不是一种严肃的科学的治学态度。

The research shows that asymmetry information can cause sluggish behaviour for the same type of employees, the exogenous layoff probability can restrain labour positivity and threaten the efficient labour of the employees, and reduce the agent cost. While endogenetic layoff probability cannot impact on the function of the assembled mechanisms consisting of promotion and fixed income under asymmetry information, which can avoid the moral risk of employees to achieve the same degree of their labour under symmetry information.

研究表明：非对称信息会诱导同类员工偷懒行为，外生裁员概率抑制员工的劳动积极性，对员工的有效劳动构成一种威胁，但裁员概率降低了代理成本；外生裁员机制并不影响信息非对称下的晋升激励和固定收入组合机制持有的避免员工道德风险的功能，实现员工对称信息下的努力程度；以绩效评估为特征的内生裁员机制能够促使异类员工更加努力工作，提高产量，相应地也增加了工资支出；高能员工比低能员工更努力，提高员工裁员绩效标准和高能员工比例，有利于降低代理成本。

To overcome this "difficulty",it is necessary to clarify some basic theoretical points ,such as the difference between the value concerned in the theory of labour value with the value in other fields;the materialized part of labour with the active part of labour in the productive elements;the decisive elem...

要突破这一"难关"，就必须首先明晰劳动价值论中的价值与其他领域和学科中的价值，生产要素中的物化劳动部分与活劳动部分，决定生产力的要素与决定价值的要素，马克思的财富观与价值观，以及商品的实物形式与活动形式等基本理论界限，从而在研究和探讨的基本理论前提上形成共识。

The maritime labour certificate, the interim maritime labour certificate and the declaration of maritime labour compliance shall be drawn up in the form corresponding to the models given in Appendix A5-II.

海事劳工证书、临时海事劳工证书和海事劳工符合声明的格式应与附录A5 II中所列的范本相符。

The Conventions and Recommendations that ILO adopted or advanced on international labour as well as social security, afforded the government of Republic of China the reference international criterion on the labour security legislation, along with impulsing the course of labour security legislation in China.

国际劳工组织通过或提出的关于国际劳动及社会保障的公约和建议书，为民国政府劳动保障立法提供了可资参照的国际标准，也推动了中国劳动保障的法制化进程。

The product of labour is labour embodied and made material in an object, it is the objectification of labour.

劳动产品是固定在对象中的，物化为对象的劳动是劳动的对象化。

The formation of Labour's thoughtbenifits from two main fusions of ideology,the first mixture ofideology is between trade unionism and fabian's theory,the merging ofthem provides he basic theory of Labour's domocratic socialism-Labour's Socialism.

工党民主社会主义之形成，得益于两次大的思想融合，第一次是工会主义与费边社会主义的融合，两者的合流构成了工党民主社会主义之底蕴——工党社会主义。

The results indicated that (1) the economy in Zhejiang Province was in the developing stage of unchanged scale wage;(2) the inputoutput elasticity coefficients was the most sensitive to labour element among the factors which had effect of economic growth in Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the coefficient was 0.538 5 in labour element while the coefficients were 0.247 3 in land element and 0.321 6 in fixed asset elements respectively;（3）the contribution of the input of fixed assets was 6823% and still the major impetus to economic growth during this time;(4)the land use was not intensive basically in Zhejiang Province,the input of land elements was replaced by that of other elements during the study.So,labour intensive industry should be one of the industries in the future.

研究结果表明：(1)就规模效应而言，浙江省的经济增长处于规模报酬不变的发展阶段；(2)浙江省经济增长对劳动力要素的投入最为敏感，其中土地要素、劳动力要素和资本要素增加1个单位的投入量对经济增长的推动为 0.247 3、0.538 5 和 0.321 6；（3）固定资产投入在研究期间是浙江省经济增长的主要推动力，其贡献率达到6823%，而劳动力要素与土地要素则分别为2346%和625%；(4)浙江省土地利用不够集约，在研究期间土地要素对经济增长的影响能被资本要素与劳动力要素有效替代，而劳动力要素则难以被资本投入与土地投入有效替代，劳动集约型产业应该成为浙江省未来发展方向之一。

In the third part we reveals the fundamental reason of alienated labour and how to sublate it.The private ownership is the fundamental reason of alienated labour and the producing mode of capitalistic industrialization makes the alienated labour reach its stratosphere.

第三部分揭示了异化劳动的根源及其扬弃途径：私有制是异化劳动存在的根源，资本主义的工业化大生产是异化劳动的最高表现；工人阶级必须通过阶级斗争消灭私有制，从而扬弃异化劳动，实现人的复归的共产主义社会。

I think it will be but a very modest computation to say, that of the products of the earth useful to the life of man nine tenths are the effects of labour: nay, if we will rightly estimate things as they come to our use, and cast up the several expenses about them, what in them is purely owing to nature, and what to labour, we shall find, that in most of them ninety-nine hundredths are wholly to be put on the account of labour.

我以非常保守的估计认为：土地有益于人的生活的产出十分之九都是劳动的结果；不仅如此，如果我们正确地估计我们所使用的东西，并将各项损耗算进来的话，哪些属于纯粹自然提供，哪些属于劳动提供，我们将会发现：绝大部分物品百分之九十九都应归于劳动。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？