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Under the condition of the following factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers' extra cost and environmental pollution cost, this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of toll collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling modes' tollgates of every toll station, ETC users' discount rate, and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station, the actual traffic flow capacity of different tollgate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

The speeds of different kinds of stress waves(such as compressed stress wave and torsional stress wave) are unequal under coupled impact load. So the internal forces in structure are different between different areas, and the boundaries of these areas are changing with time.

在耦合冲击载荷作用下，注意到各种应力波(如轴向压缩应力波和扭转应力波)的波速不同，结构被分成若干区域，各区域的内力不同，且这些区域的边界随时间变化。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

Transient assay by bombardment of onion epidermal cells and by PEG mediated gene transter to rice protoplast showed that OsSPX::GFP fusion proteins are located at different subcellular partitions, implying the different functional mechanisms for different family members.

此外，洋葱表皮和水稻原生质体的瞬间表达分析发现，不同的OsSPX与GFP的融合蛋白定位于不同的亚细胞部分，预示着不同的水稻SPX家族成员有不同的作用机制。

Results The eligible rates of triphenyl in different years and enterprises were significantly different; the results also differed greatly between different paint brands.

结果 各年份间及新老企业间三苯合格率有明显差异，使用不同品牌油漆结果有较大差异。

However, hospitals have the characteristics which are different from other industries, such as highly specialized and the triumvirate. Therefore, the scientific management theory cannot be applied on all departments of a hospital. This paper is also discussing the different applications in different departments of a hospital.

另外，在医院中有其独特的特性是其他服务业所没有的，例如：高度专业人员及医疗管理和行政管理的并行方式，因此并非全医院的各部门管理均可以利用麦当劳的管理方式，因此本篇也将探讨在医院中不同部门的应用科学管理程度。

Based on the WM-model, the various stages of SPIF process was studied and the forming characters have been realized. Based on the SM-model of the truncated cone, the blank thickness element was sub-meshed into three levels. And through the forming simulation of the process, access to the plate stress and strain of the different regions in forming, and proposed the establishment of a sub-regional mechanism to explain the incremental forming, that is, in different regions, sheet deformation is different. In the main region which reflects the major character of SPIF, the deformation pattern is the composition of bending and extrusion.

基于完整有限元分析模型对渐进成形过程的各阶段进行分析，从而全面认识渐进成形的特点；基于方锥台件局部有限元分析模型，并将板材厚度方向的单元细分为三层，通过成形过程仿真，获取成形中，板材不同区域的应力、应变情况，提出并建立分区域的渐进成形机理解释，即，在不同区域，板材的变形方式是不同的，其中，对体现渐进成形主要特点的方锥台件和圆锥台件的侧壁充分变形区域，其变形方式是拉伸-弯曲复合变形。

A series of methods and software programmes for generating truncated Gold sequence are brought forward in this paper, the correlation and balance characteristics of different truncated proportion Gold sequence have been analysed through the simulation of truncated Gold sequence performance, involve with before and after truncated, different period of sequence and different truncated length.

在本文中，研究了截短平衡Gold序列的产生方法，给出了生成截短平衡Gold序列软件程序，通过对截短前后、不同序列周期、不同截短长度的截短Gold序列的性能仿真，分析了不同截短比例Gold序列的相关特性和平衡特性。

The second chapter is the research on Tu fu's early poems, which have four different layers according to different reappearance of objective world:"the simple reappearance emphasizing on emotion expression","panorama reappearance based on background","histrionic reappearance based on single scene" and "full reappearance of objective story", and each layer is studied respectively by different types and representations of literature.

第二章以杜甫前期诗歌为研究对象，按照其对客观世界的不同再现分为"以抒情为重心的简单再现"、"背景式、广角式的全景再现"、"以单一场面为主的戏剧性再现"和"客观故事的完整再现"四个层次，每一层次再按不同体裁不同表现等作分别的研究。

Results Observe group have 3 TURPS patients. There were remarkable different in blood electrolytes and blood glucose between observe group and contral group, control group was different remarkably pre-and post-operation. There were remarkable difference in CVP, osmosis pressure, absorption amount of irrigating fluid in postopertion, control group was different remarkably pre-and post-operation.

结果 对照组出现3例经尿道电切综合征，观察组与对照组血电解质和血糖术后的变化差异有显著性，对照组术前、术后的变化差异有显著性；观察组与对照CVP、渗透压、灌洗液吸收量术后的变化差异有显著性，对照组术前、术后的变化差异有显著性。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。