查询词典 developed

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

Based on the previous literatures, the following major innovation works were carried out in this dissertation:(1) The derivatization reaction conditions of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine with sensitive derivation reagent in aqueous system were studied and two new methods were developed for the assay of them by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with LIF detection. The sensitivity and analysis times were greatly improved compared with the previous reports;(2) A new method of CZE with indirect LIF detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of six coumarin compounds (esculin, esculetin, isofraxidin, genistein, naringin and sophoricoside) with fluorescein as the probe. The proposed method enlarges the application range of LIF detector, and provides new approach for the analysis of certain compounds difficult to derivatize;(3) Based on the above research, an MEKC with indirect LIF detection method for the simultaneous determination of adenine and guanine in DNA extracts from fungus, maize and soybean was established;(4) A new method for the investigation of the complexes formed between human serum albumin and ampicillin sodium under the simulated physiology conditions using laser light scattering technique was developed.

该论文在综述前人工作的基础上，开展了如下未见文献报道的创新性的研究工作：(1)使用灵敏的衍生试剂对麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱在水体系中的衍生反应条件进行了系统研究，建立了微乳电动色谱-激光诱导荧光检测法和胶束电动色谱—激光诱导荧光检测法测定麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的灵敏分析新方法，与以前的报道相比，灵敏度和分析时间均有很大改善；(2)使用荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了同时分析测定六种黄酮类化合物(秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、异秦皮定、染料木素、柚皮苷和槐角苷)的毛细管区带电泳—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法，扩大了激光诱导荧光检测的应用范围，对难衍生化合物的分离分析提供了一种新思路和新途径；(3)以荧光素钠作为背景荧光试剂，建立了一种用于同时测定食品提取DNA中的腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤含量的胶束电动色谱—间接激光诱导荧光检测新方法；(4)用动态和静态激光散射法研究了模拟生理条件下人血清白蛋白与氨比西林钠盐相互作用所形成的复合物，为药物分子与蛋白质的相互作用、药代动力学等的研究提供了一种新思路。

The conclusion is that the present economic level of China is approximately equal to that of the developed countries in 1970s, and the present Chinese FDI outflow is approximately equal to that of the developed countries between 1960s and 1970s, and that the Chinese FDI outflow lags behind its economic development. In its demonstration of the industrial transfer limit theory, the paper puts forward its main viewpoint, namely, FDI is a means of transferring behindhand industry and heightening industrial structure adopted by developed countries, but this type of industrial transfer will not move in a cycle and the limit of the transfer will occur inevitably. In other words, FDI is not a means of improving industrial structure for such big developing countries as China and India. The paper, too, advances the theory of institution advantage, holding that the development of Chinese TNCs will not be explained reasonably unless institution advantage is entered into the OIL paradigm. This theory enriches and complements the theory of TNC.

这种研究在笔者所查阅的资料文献中尚属少见，其基本结论是，中国的经济发展相当于发达国家1970年代的水平，但中国对外的FDI相当于其1960 ~1970年代的水平，相显滞后；本文论证了产业转移极限论，主要观点是，对外进行FDI是发达国家转移落后产业，提升自己产业结构的手段，但这种产业转移不能顺次循环下去，必然会出现转移的极限，即对外直接投资不会是中国、印度等较大的发展中国家提升产业结构的手段；本文还提出了制度优势论的观点，即在OIL范式中，还须增加制度优势，方能对中国的跨国公司成长做出合理的解释，这是对跨国公司理论的一个完善和补充。

In October 1993, the Inter-Parliamentary Union held in the Canadian capital of Ottawa,"North-South dialogue to promote world prosperity," the General Assembly will be issued after the "final document", called on developed countries and developing countries to oppose trade protectionism, calls for developed countries to cancel all the poorest government debt, urge developed countries and international financial institutions and direct investment to developing countries to provide technical.

1993年10月，各国议会联盟在加拿大首都渥太华召开《南北对话促进世界繁荣》大会，会后发表了《最后文件》，呼吁发达国家和发展中国家反对贸易保护主义，要求发达国家取消所有最穷国家的政府债务，敦促发达国家及国际金融机构向发展中国家直接投资并提供技术。

0M/s.(4) The barchans dunes developed in narrow un-modal wind regime, the value of RDP/DP is greater than 0.8; the compound longitudinal dunes mainly developed in modal wind regime whose value of RDP/DP is about 0.55; the dome dunes developed in those areas that have directional winds and their force is balanced; and the star dunes mainly distributed in areas which have wavy terrain or approach mountains.

4塔克拉玛干沙漠新月形沙丘及沙丘链主要是在窄单峰风环境中发育而成，RDP/DP值一般都在0.8以上；复合型纵向沙垄主要是在双峰风况条件下发育而成的，RDP/DP值在0.55左右：穹状沙丘形成于均衡的多风向地区；而金字塔沙丘一般都形成于下伏地面微有起伏或邻近山岭的地带。

The barchans dunes developed in narrow un-modal wind regime, the value of RDP/DP is greater than 0.8; the compound longitudinal dunes mainly developed in modal wind regime whose value of RDP/DP is about 0.55; the dome dunes developed in those areas that have directional winds and their force is balanced; and the star dunes mainly distributed in areas which have wavy terrain or approach mountains.

塔克拉玛干沙漠新月形沙丘及沙丘链主要是在窄单峰风环境中发育而成，RDP/DP值一般都在0.8以上；复合型纵向沙垄主要是在双峰风况条件下发育而成的，RDP/DP值在0.55左右；穹状沙丘形成于均衡的多风向地区；而金字塔沙丘一般都形成于下伏地面微有起伏或邻近山岭的地带。

Germany is one of developed country is stard work to aid already in the world , the produce occupy the well-developed level of the world , the exceptionally grand occasion is grasp in this exhibition , the scale attend the meeting stream of people in case pouring greatly , incalculable , joining an exhibition that produce science and technology content is tall , the produce was successfully open up before one's eyes of self in numerous joining an exhibition businesss that originate the various places in world , I carefully visited the heating heat sink produce , the produce type is diversified , the exterior is beautiful , technology is well-developed , I winden one's view the limit greatly , travels together also acclaim with one voice .

德国是世界上工业经济发达国家之一，产品居于世界先进水平，这次展览会盛况空前，规模大，到会人流如涌，数不胜数，参展产品科技含量高，来自世界各地的众多参展商成功展示了自己的产品，我仔细参观了采暖散热器产品，产品样式多样，外观靓丽，工艺先进，我大开眼界，同行们也交口称赞。我们以饱满的热情认真搜集了大量产品、技术工艺信息，展览会给参展商和八方宾朋提供了一个具有吸引力的打开国际市场的渠道，也是我们了解当前世界散热器产品发展的重要窗口。

In particular,in west developed counties,although the theory and practice ofthe patentability of biotechnological inventions has been developed considerably,the issue is stillbeing discussed and developed.

特别是在技术先进的西方发达国家，生物技术发明的可专利性的理论与实践在近年都有了长足的发展，但仍在不断争论与发展之中。

In crosses of B. napus×B.carinata, the hybrid endosperm developed unsuffic-iently and became cellular precociously, the hybrid embryo developed slowly and stopped at the heart or torpedo stage after exhausting the precociously developed endosperm tissue.

在甘蓝型油菜×埃塞俄比亚芥中，杂种胚乳不甚发育并提前形成细胞，杂种胚发育缓慢，消耗早育的胚乳组织后便停滞在心形期或鱼雷形期。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。