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Results showed that the topsoil structure of the CK treatment was dense with little porosity developed, and the soil microstructure was sandy granular fabric - granular fabric. In these treatments using chemical fertilizers only, the soil particles did not form soil structure with little porosity, and the soil microstructures in the N, NP or NPK treatment were observed as prophyropectic fabric-fine sand agglomerplasmic fabric, much better than the CK treatment. In those treatments receiving farm manure alone or farm manure plus chemical fertilizers, the quantity of groundmass increased obviously. The soil had a loosen structure, higher porosity, enriched animal and plant residua, iron-manganese nodules and humus, and more micro-aggregates developed. The soil microstructure of the MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best microstructure observed among all the treatments.

结果表明：长期不施肥料的CK处理，土壤耕层结构致密，很少有孔隙发育，土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状-沙粒聚积状；长期单施化学肥料，土壤颗粒未形成结构体，少孔隙，土壤微结构主要为斑晶胶凝状－细沙粒聚积状结构，土壤结构比CK处理优；长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理，土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加，结构疏松，孔隙量大，动、植物残体丰富，有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育，土壤微结构类型以MNPK处理最好，为胶凝紧实状－多孔状结构。

Calm down by that uninterrupted growth , our country have experienced a lot of dynasty turbulence, after oppressing and the war outburst for feudalist society, be founded and opening to the outside world to Republic of China, our country people successively has set off the head of a family form living , acting on self's own freely , our country already becomes a Great Power now , a lot of product already enters international market , a galaxy of talent moreover all all are to have a facile imagination , thought opens to the outside world , intelligence surpasses, I believe in , make great efforts process a few although our country does not belong to the developed country now,we are sure to keep a foothold on the world , become and the developed country part, This is that I need to sing the praises of and is that makes great efforts.

平息该不间断的增长，我们的国家经历了很多动荡的王朝后，压迫和战争的爆发封建社会，是建立开放，外界对中国共和国，我国先后有全国人民掀起了头一个家庭的形式生活，自我自己的自由，我国已成为一个大国现在采取行动，大量的产品已进入国际市场，人才众多此外，所有的一切都是有一个浅显的想象力，思想开放的对外开放，情报超越，我相信，下大力气处理数虽然我国不属于发达国家现在，我们一定能保住自己在世界上立足，并成为发达国家的一部分，这是我需要唱的赞誉，是使巨大的努力。

By using hall sensor,we have developed a high-speed magnetic field testing system with USB2.0 interface.The software has been developed and the testing system has been designed,in which the center distance of the helmholtz coils is adjustable.

利用霍尔传感器件，自带 USB2.0以及10位快速A/D的高性能单片机C8051F340，研制了单芯片高速磁场数据测量装置，编写了磁场数据采集处理程序，设计了中心距可调的亥姆霍兹线圈，并用所研制的仪器进行了轴向磁场分布测量。

What western part developed country appears is alleged " the industry is changed hollowly ", it is traditional manufacturing industry actually be transferred outwards in great quantities and arise " manufacturing industry is changed hollowly ", while traditional industry is transferred outwards , key of western developed country expanded the Information Industry and burgeoning service line of business , the height that urged industrial construction from this is changed .

西方部分发达国家出现的所谓"产业空心化"，实际上是传统制造业大量向外转移而产生的"制造业空心化"，在传统产业向外转移的同时，西方发达国家重点发展了信息产业和新兴服务业，由此推动了产业结构的高度化。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Rich countries have developed 80% of their hydro capacity, while Africa has only developed around 3%.

富裕国家的水电能力已经开发了80%，而非洲只开发了3%左右。

In order to improve these problems,a simple frequency-independent mathematic modeling method by using polar coordinate is developed in this paper,and then the developed model is compared with widely used PI hysterics model.

针对当期望输出与频率无关时的压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性问题，提出了一种基于极坐标的数学建模方法，同时给出了通用的PI迟滞模型，并对两种模型进行了比较。

The subject is based on the study forward position of water resources management of LIAONING province, and use the developed tendency and succeeded experience of world water resources for reference, take theory of sustainable development as guiding ideologue, adopt systematic project, protection of ecosystem and environment and theory of economy forecast engage in composite analyze, dynamicevaluate and forecast analyze, forecast developed tendency of water resources supplement and demand of LIAONING province, put forward water resources rational disposition, economize on water, the prevention and control of water pollution and strength water resources protection etc.

本课题立足于辽宁省水资源管理研究前沿，借鉴了国内外水资源发展趋势和成功经验，以可持续发展的理论为指导，运用系统工程、生态环境保护理论和经济预测理论进行综合分析、动态评价，进而预测辽宁省水资源供需发展态势，提出了辽宁省水资源合理配置、节约用水、水污染防治和增强水资源保护等措施，为辽宁省抗旱、节水和水资源优化配置提供决策依据。

It is the product of highly developed social economy and the inexorable trend of developed social politics .

政治结构的专门化分工是政治现代化的一个重要内容，它是社会经济高度发展的产物，是社会政治发展的必然趋势。

By extending the concepts of supremum and infimum in real space to the casein any finite-dimensional Euclidean space a weak supremum set and infimumset theory with respect to cones for the set in finite-dimensional Euclideanspace is developed,and several similar properties to the set in real space are ob-tained,with the concepts of this weak supremumset,w-D-conjugate maps and w-D-subdifferentials theory for the point-to-setmap are developed,and its several properties and its relationships with weakefficient solutions of the multiobjective programming are studied.

推广实空间中上、下确界的概念至任意有限维欧氏空间，建立了有限维欧氏空间中集合的锥弱上、下确界集理论，得到了与实空间中十分相似的性质。借助于这一理论，应用上、下确界的概念，给出了点集映象的w-D-共轭映象及w-D-次微分理论，并研究了它们的若干特性及其与弱有效解之间的关系，此外还讨论了弱鞍点问题。

It seems likely that Kraft will return with a better offer.

看起来卡夫要重新考虑一个更好的出价了。

But he'd rather burn off my feelers and watch me squirm.

可他却放任那个家伙对我为所欲为！