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Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

This paper presents in more detail on the design process of the liner and piston group of Model CY6110 diesel engine,it has given certain analysis and study on the design,calculation,material,it also presents in more detail on various kinds of data of this group of frication pairs,such as structure design,material selection,pcocess machining,testing certification etc,as well as the further prospets for such research work so that the related people can take it as reference.

本文较为详尽地介绍了CY6110型柴油机的缸套、活塞组的设计过程，对发动机的缸套、活塞、活塞环这组摩擦副的设计、计算、材料、工艺、检测等方面做了一定的分析和研究；同时，也较详细地了介绍这组摩擦副在结构设计、材料选配、工艺加工、试验认证等方面的各项数据，以及此项研究工作的进一步展望，以供有关人员参考。

It describes mainly the process of systemdesign, including whole design, detail design, database design , security design, data structure and data code scheme, It introduces in detail how to create a graphic file of pipeline data on the MicroStation platform, and the exchange of data between the MicroStation and other GIS application software, At the same time, it introduces how to realize popular manage mode of GIS data on the MicroStation GeoGraphics, namely integratinggraphics and attribute.

本文在分析长沙市地下管线数据现状和目前数据管理情况的基础上，指出建立长沙市城市地下管网信息系统的必要性和紧迫性，阐述了系统的设计过程，包括总体设计、详细设计、数据库设计和安全设计，讲述了系统的数据组织方式及数据编码方案，并详细介绍在MicroStation平台下如何处理数据生成管网图形文件，阐述了系统实现的方法、过程以及与其它系统如何实现数据交换，也介绍在MicroStation GeoGraphics下如何实现当今GIS较为流行的数据管理模式：图属一体化。

Of Fe , Cu in the metal phase and Mg, Si in the silicate phases to understand the processes of mixing of metal and silicate phases and further decipher the mechanism of formation of mesosiderite;(2) to study in detail the geochemical characteristics of each phase in the meteorite, to provide necessaryevidence for the model of formation of mesosiderite;(3) to study and update in detail the composition of each phase in the meteorite, and provide a new and complete set of data for understanding the mechanism of formation of mesosiderite.

Cu和硅酸盐相中的Mg， Si等中等挥发性元素的稳定同位素进行分析，判断中铁陨石的金属相和硅酸盐相混合过程的环境特征，进而阐明中铁陨石的形成机制；（2）对这块陨石的各相进行详尽的地球化学分析，通过这些相的地球化学关系判断中铁陨石的形成机制，对中铁陨石的形成模型提供必要的制约和证据；（3）全面更新对中铁陨石各矿物相化学成份的认识，为中铁陨石的成因之谜的全面揭开提供最新最完整的数据。

Recent developments of clean oxidation systems catalyzed by polyoxometalates are summarized in detail. The emphasis is on the epoxidation reaction of olefinic compounds, oxidation of alkanes and aromatic compounds with the comparatively ideal oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen respectively. The oxidation mechanisms are elucidated in detail.

文本总结了多金属氧酸盐在液相清洁催化氧化方面的进展，主要针对以过氧化氢和分子氧为氧化剂的烯烃类化合物的环氧化反应、烷烃和芳香族化合物的氧化反应，并详细探讨了此类氧化反应的反应机理。

Because "Administration Permitted Law" promulgates the time late also a relative stability,and but frequently the project laws and regulations affected area broad its transaction behavior and the management goal have the polytropic characteristics,therefore,both the unavoidable existence do not tally in the detail the place,causes in the practice the concrete operation to have in the detail deviation.

由于《行政许可法》颁布时间较迟且具相对稳定性，而经常项目法规涉及面广并且其交易行为和管理目标具有多变性特征，因此，两者在细节上难免存在不吻合之处，导致实践中的具体操作发生细节上的偏差。

Because "Administration Permitted Law" promulgates the time late also a relative stability,and but frequently the project laws and regulations affected area broad its transaction behavior and the management goal have the polytropic characteristics,therefore,both the unavoidable existence do not tally in the detail the place,causes in the practice the concrete operation to have in the detail deviation.

由于《行政许可法》颁布时间较迟且具相对稳定性，而经常项目法规涉及面广并且其交易行为和管理目标具有多变性特征，因此，两者在细节上难免存在不吻合之处，导致实践中的具体摘要：依法行政是我国法制建设的重要内容，是依法治国原则在行政领域的具体运用。

Because "Administration Permitted Law" promulgates the time late also a relative stability,and but frequently the project laws and regulations affected area broad its transaction behavior and the management goal have the polytropic characteristics,therefore,both the unavoidable existence do not tally in the detail the place,causes in the practice the concrete operation to have in the detail deviation.

依法行政是我国法制建设的重要内容，是依法治国原则在行政领域的具体运用。由于《行政许可法》颁布时间较迟且具相对稳定性，而经常项目法规涉及面广并且其交易行为和管理目标具有多变性特征，因此，两者在细节上难免存在不吻合之处，导致实践中的具体操作发生细节上的偏差。

Exceptional detail throughout including bed shrouding, radiator and extreme shock detail including reservoirs just behind the cab.

特殊的详细，包括整个床覆盖，散热器和极端休克详细，包括水库，仅落后于驾驶室。

The paper describes the implementation method of the software and hardware in detail; explains the sulphuration technology in production of rubber and how to control sulphuration machine by PLC; discusses the principle, current situation and development trend of the DCS; recommends the serial communication in industrial and how to realize it in DELPHI; analyzes the communication protocols of series of LGs MASTER-K10 PLC and on the base of which, realized the communication between upper-computer and low computer; discusses the realization flows of control system on upper-computer in detail, the software and hardware of module every design; introduces the functions and realization of query software on client computer.

详细论述了控制系统硬件及软件的实现方法；阐述了橡胶生产中的硫化工艺以及如何用PLC对硫化机进行程序控制；讨论了集散控制系统的原理、研究现状及发展趋势；介绍了工业控制领域中的串行通信以及如何在DELPHI中实现串口通信；分析了LG公司MASTER-K10系列PLC的通信协议，并在此基础上实现了上位机与下位机的通信；详细讨论了上位机控制系统的实现流程、各模块的软硬件设计；详细介绍了客户端查询软件的功能及实现。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。