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For example, the itch of notalgia paresthetica is described as deep, below where one can scratch; whereas patients with delusions, depression, and sometimes those with a metabolic basis of pruritus describe their pruritus as being "like a worm crawling under the skin."

瘙痒的性质在做出诊断时很有用，例如，感觉异常性背痛症瘙痒被描述为深在的，难于搔抓到的地方，而妄想症、抑郁症患者和有代谢性疾病的瘙痒患者叙述瘙痒为&象蠕虫在皮下爬行&。

Objective: To describe the anatomy of the superior and inferior aspect of the perirenal space as well as the renal fascia with CT radiography in vivo.

目的：通过对正常成人活体肾周间隙和肾筋膜的多层螺旋CT及三维重建图像的观察和测量分析，探讨肾筋膜的附着、肾周间隙的纵向通连情况等相关指标，以及多层螺旋CT对肾周间隙通连研究的诊断价值。

The damage represents complex mechanism. In this research based on T300/HT3 laminate structure, fatigue life is predicted phenomenologically, dealing mainly with in-plane stresses without accounting for out-of-plane failures such as craze. Fatigue modulus, based on damage mechanics, is used as a physical parameter which helps to describe the basic fatigue behaviors of unidirectional laminates and obtain expressions for cumulative damages defined by strains and stress. Based on some typical fatigue test data for unidirectional composite laminates, residual modulus sequence is found out.

本文以T300/HT3复合材料层压结构为研究对象，从唯象的观点出发，以损伤力学为基础构造损伤函数，考虑了剩余刚度和应变比率对复合材料的疲劳性能的影响，以这些变化着的机械性能作为损伤变量，建立了复合材料的疲劳损伤模型，基于层压板拉—拉疲劳试验数据，拟合出损伤模型中的参数，从而得到层压板拉—拉疲劳损伤变化规律，并建立损伤变量与内部损伤及疲劳寿命的联系，从而预测常幅应力作用下疲劳寿命。

Novel go on two extremes overly that women'figure was denied impersonal role maid image mould either "bad" or reach "manlike " so that they cant cross to two description of woman these because the writer was intended or involuntary to describe them these.Consequently the women' figure maked untrue exceedingly as to the lady of easy virtue write it to the limit excessively ruthlessly poisonously ; as for heroine write its walk chivalrous and loyal to the limit that the woman wasn't defeated by men.

作家在对这两类型女性的描写时，都因作者有意或无意的女性意识而走向极端化，实际上是走上了两个无法交汇的极端，使女性形象的塑造过于偏激，不是&淫恶&到极端，就是&男性化&到极点，写淫妇恶婆，写尽其淫，狠，毒；写女英雄，则写尽其行侠仗义，巾帼不让须眉。

The VSCF DFIG wind power generation is transient response proceeding, which is influenced by operation characteristics of generator before and after grid connected. A novel S-Function is adopted to describe the mathematic model of DFIG based on state equation. A complete simulation model of VSCF DFIG wind power generation system based on MATLAB/Simulink and SimPowerSystems is established, which can be used to not only simulate subsystems of no-load operation and generation operation, as well as can be used to but also accurate control parameters of DFIG in simulation. The simulation model have excellent transportability, and can be used DFIG of different power rated if only design relevant controller.

变速恒频双馈电机风力发电是一个受并网前后发电机运行状况影响的暂态过程，利用MATLAB的S-Function编写DFIG的仿真程序，然后结合Simulink和SimPowerSystems工具箱，开发了基于S-Function的空载运行和发电运行的变速恒频双馈电机风力发电子系统模型，在仿真过程中可对双馈电机进行精确控制，然后对其进行了系统整合，本文开发的模型具有可移植性，只要再设计相应的控制器，就可应用于不同功率等级的双馈电机风力发电系统。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

This method has more practical value. First, this article has introduced the research situation of real-time transportation information collection, including the taxi electronic dispatch system as well as the corresponding technology. Analyzed the mothod of map coordinates transformation and the match method of vehicles localization data, then has analyzed the vehicles localization effective sampling with emphasis according to the drivers driving custom to get the tavel time of the road sections. It has filled the transportation blank region data.With the experiments of real data, explained this algorithm could obtain the road section reasonable travel time, int could describe the road network real-time condition.

本文首先介绍了实时交通信息采集的研究情况，包括电召系统以及相应的技术，分析了地图坐标转换、车辆定位数据匹配方法，然后根据驾驶员行车习惯重点分析了车辆定位有效采样对的获取并在此基础上进行单车路径旅行时间求取、时段内旅行时间求取的算法，填补了交通空白地带数据，并通过路上试验，说明该算法能够得到路段合理的旅行时间，能够描述路网的实时状态。

A content-based image retrieval system, MIRES/IMAGE is implemented, we describe the system from the search engine to front-end as well as the whole architecture, demostrate it by several exmaples.

我们实现了基于内容的图象检索系统MIRES/IMAGE，我们描述了系统的总体结构以及查找引擎和客户前端，并给出了一些查询实例。

They tend to describe their offers as products, which, although convenient as a means for integrating them into traditional organizational thinking, profoundly misrepresents their dynamics and causes companies to miss whole dimensions of consumer experience, need and value.

为了便于把他们和传统的组织思维联系起来，他们倾向于把他们的努力称为产品，极大地曲解了他们的本质，并导致公司不能正确理解消费者体验，需求和价值的全部。

While virtual reality originally denoted a fully immersive tethered system, the term has since been used to describe systems lacking wired gloves, full body touch suits, etc., such as those driven by VRML and X3D on the World Wide Web and occasionally even text-based interactive systems such as MOOs or MUDs.

虽然虚拟现实最初表示一个完全immersive范围的系统，该词一直用于描述没有有线手套的系统，完全身体接触衣服等等，例如世界范围网站那些靠VRML和 X3D驱动的系统甚至文本基础的交互系统如MOOs 或者MUDs。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。