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Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Base on the analysis of superposition theory, a new calculation theory of the column of CFST is brought forward and the calculation formula is derived. Under the deformation compatibility condition, the calculation formula for distribution coefficient of axial compression is derived.

在分析现有叠加理论计算方法的基础上，提出了新的方钢管混凝土柱计算理论，并推导了计算公式；同时在变形协调条件下，推导了其轴压力分配系数计算公式；在此理论基础上，确定了十字形截面方钢管混凝土组合异形柱换算长细比的计算公式和钢管稳定性提高系数。

In the final chapter, we apply the tubular mutations of the derived category of a derived tubular algebra to Lie algebra.

第五章我们讨论标准代数导出范畴自等价—tubular mutation在李代数中的应用。

In the fourth chapter, using algebraic method, we prove that tubular mutations are auto equivalences of the derived category of a derived tubular algebra, and apply this method to the case of tame concealed algebras, which generalizes a result of Meltzer .

第四章我们用纯代数的方法证明：tubular mutation是tubular型标准代数的导出范畴的自等价，并把该方法应用到tame concealed代数，从而推广Meltzer的结果。

The formula derived in this paper are consistent with those in CHEN's paper where they are derived based on geometric graph, while the former are easy to comprehend.

根据相位裕度的概念推导出的参数整定公式与基于几何图形推导出的参数整定公式一致，但更容易理解。

Aiming at the multiple loop structures in quality management process network, an improved graph pattern mining approach based on Apriori algorithm is put forward, where a frequent pattern of size k, denoted as G, is joined with another frequent pattern of size k, denoted as G, to form a candidate frequent pattern of size (k+1), if there exists a source vertex s in G and a sink vertex e in G such that the graph derived from G by subtracting node s equals with the graph derived from G G by subtracting node e.

采用基于APriori方法的频繁活动序列挖掘算法，认为k-频繁图集中，当一个图减去其中的一个源顶点后，如果所得到的图与另一个图减去其中的一个沉顶点后的图相同时，可以连接生成一个(k+1)-候选频繁图，从而减少了传统Apriori算法迭代过程中生成的冗余候选频繁图的数目。

The mineral chemistry, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of different types of deep-seated inclusions indicate that Group Ⅰinclusions in western Shaudong could be the relicts of high degree of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites and then subjected to mantle metasomatism; the dunite and harzburgite in Group Ⅱ inclusions could be resulted from the metasomatism of silica-rich melts in the upper mantle; the olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ inclusions could be magmatic cumulates derived from magma underplating in the upper mantle.

不同结构类型深源岩石包体的矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学研究表明，鲁西具有变质变形结构特征的橄榄岩类岩石包体为岩石圈地幔橄榄岩部分熔融后的残留体，其后又遭受了地幔交代作用的改造；具有变质变形结构，并叠加有矿物反应结构的纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩类包体为古老岩石圈地幔被富硅质熔体改造的结果；具有残留岩浆结晶结构的橄榄岩、橄辉岩类岩石包体以及具有变晶结构或堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为地幔更早期岩浆作用的在上地幔的堆积体。

Both upper bound formula and lower bound formula of the global truncation error of Euler method have been derived theoretically.After making certain approximat e processing,the derived upper formula changes into current upper bound formula.

从理论上推导出了欧拉方法的整体截断误差的上限公式和下限公式，作一定的近似后，得到的整体截断误差上限公式就变为现用的整体截断误差上限公式。

Second order incident boundary condition on fixed incident boundary is derived for numerical simulations, based on the cnoidal or sinusoidal motions of wave maker paddle, which shows that the prediction with second order incident boundary condition is more accurate than the prediction with first order incident boundary condition. 2 The analytical solution for higher-order Boussinesq equations is derived and its applicable range is discussed. 3 A 2-D fully non-linear numerical model using boundary element method is developed to obtain wave forces acting on rectangular obstacle. 4 The three-dimensional fully non-linear waves are studied in a numerical wave tank using finite element method.The studies on the coupled numerical model combined Boussinesq equations with Laplace equation are following.

非耦合非线性波浪计算模型：1 根据造波板做椭圆余弦运动或正弦运动速度，推导出数值模拟波浪水槽时固定入射边界上的二阶波浪入射边界条件，数值计算结果和实验结果的对比表明采用二阶入射边界条件对波面升高的预报比采用一阶入射边界条件对波面升高的预报更为精确；2 推导了波浪水槽造波板做正弦运动所产生波浪的高阶Boussinesq方程摄动展开解析解，讨论了该解析解的适用范围；3 对整个波浪水槽应用边界元方法数值模拟了波浪对物体的非线性作用；4 用有限元法求解三维Laplace方程模拟了三维完全非线性波浪水槽。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。