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The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Anchor rod depth and space on different rock side slope of different gradient, based on the anchor rod

摘要围绕岩石边坡生态恢复技术，通过对锚杆受力情况的研究分析，确定了在不同岩石类型以及不同坡比的坡面上，其锚杆的最佳锚固深度和最佳锚固间距。

The degree andor depth to which a person's work and educational background is a good fit for a particular job.

在何种程度上，教育背景及工作背景适合从事某一工作。

Part 3 is an in-depth research on Woolf's androgynous vision through a close examination of Orlando.

第三部分通过对《奥兰多》的文本分析，进一步阐释伍尔夫的"双性同体"理论。

Seafaring Ministry of Science and Technology has developed products: fisheries exploration transducer depth transducer temperature range, wind speed anemoscope , electric gyrocompass repeater.

航海科技部自主开发产品有：渔探换能器，水深水温系列换能器，风速风向仪，电罗经复示器。

An example of this is the architecture's spatial depth, which, while in keeping with Brunelleschi's recommendation to occupy the center of a square and unadorned stage, nevertheless shows some of the errors present in Angelico's early works.

其中一个表现就是其构图的空间深度，它除了遵循 Brunelleschi 的建议将绘画聚焦于画面中央和朴实的场景，同时也显示出了 Angelico 早期作品中出现的一些失误。

The method which is used to measure and compute moment, yield and turning angle by steel bar gauge is introduced in detail. According to the measuring results, the horizontal critical load of the testing pile is 120 kN. The steel bar gauge measuring results show that the largest moment is located in the depth from 2 m to 3 m under the horizontal load, it transfers to the deeper location with the increase of the horizontal load, and the bend distortion only occurs in the upper of 1/3 pile length.

结合实际工程详细地介绍了利用钢筋计测试水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩、挠度和转角分布的方法，根据桩顶位移和钢筋内力测试结果判定试验桩的水平临界荷载为120 kN；根据钢筋计测试结果可知，在水平荷载作用下，桩身最大弯矩截面位于在地面以下2～3 m处，且随着荷载的增大最大弯矩截面逐渐向深部转移；发生弯曲变形的部分主要是桩长1/3以上的桩体，而其下的桩体几乎不发生变形。

Chapter two describes recent dry bulk shipping market, and then analyzes international dry bulk shipping market in depth from the angle of iron ore market supply and demand, discussing the factors that would have influence on market supply and demand.

首先从干散货航运市场的特征和要素出发介绍了国际干散货航运市场，介绍了干散货市场中的铁矿石市场的相关因素和现在主要的铁矿石供给需求地区，以及我国在今后一段时间内的铁矿石需求，并对今后数年的铁矿石需求走势进行了定性的分析。

Imaging-based measurements of introversion angle, declination angle, entry point and distance of spinous process at the horizontal plane are important data for percutaneous vertebroplasty. According to pedicle shape features at different stages, included angle, puncture point, path and depth, the vertebroplasty could be performed accurately and safely with reduced damage. Moreover, reliable data are provided for the design of a three-dimensional puncture-oriented device.

提示基于影像学所测量的内倾角、下倾角度、进针点与棘突在水平面上的距离等数据是进行经皮穿刺椎体成形术操作时的重要依据，根据不同阶段椎弓根形态学特点、夹角及确定穿刺点、穿刺路径和穿刺深度可以准确、安全进行操作，减少了损伤，也为设计一种三维立体穿刺导向器提供了可靠数据。

The sealing properties of fault are not only related to tectonic stress, but also to strike and dip angle of fault, depth, lithology of each fault wall, and fluid pressure.

断层的开启与封闭，不仅与构造应力直接相关，而且与断层的走向、倾角、深度、两盘岩性及流体压力直接相关。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。