查询词典 dependent contract

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

Acceptance Criteria Activity Duration Estimation; Activity Definition; Activity Sequencing; Addenda Approved budget Arbitration Award of Contract ; Award Criteria Audits Balanced Matrix; Baseline Bill of Quantities Brainstorming Characteristic Checklists civil engineering civil building Claims Clarify Closing Communication Management Communications Planning Communications Skills Communication channels or paths Completion Computer-based Concrete structure Conditions of Contract Conflict Management Contract Management Contract administration Change Control Contract Closure Contract file Contract agreement; Contractual obligations Contractor Contractor's Representative Construction Management Planning Contract Price Control Chart Cost Estimating; Cost of Quality Cost Control Cost Budgeting Cost Management Co-operation Failure costs Critical Path Feedback Fixed-price Fossils Force Majeure Daywork Functional Organization Decision; Fundamental Tenets Decision Tree Defects Liability Definitions Delphi technique General Rules Deliverables General Provisions Deviation; Generation Direct Costs Discounted cash flow; Dissemination Highway engineering; Discharge Human Resource Management; Disputes Human Resource Planning Drawings Hydraulic engineering; Hydroelectric engineering; Employer's Taking Over Identity Certificate Evaluation of Tenders Initiating Process Group; Executing Process Group Instructions to Tenderers Industrial building Investment payback analysis; Ineffective Individual and team performance Information Distribution Negotiation Indirect Costs Nominated Subcontractors Incentive bonus Information Technology Interpretation; Insurance Observation Inspections Off-site Online On-the-job training Opening of Tender

验收标准活动时间的估计；活动的定义；活动序列分析；增编核定预算仲裁授予合同；授标标准审计平衡矩阵；基线工程量清单集思广益特性清单土木工程民用建筑索赔澄清闭幕通信管理通信规划沟通技巧沟通渠道或路径完成以计算机为基础的混凝土结构合同条件冲突管理合同管理合同管理变更控制合同结束合同文件合同协议；合同义务承包承包商的代表规划建设管理合同价格控制图成本估算；质量成本成本控制成本预算成本管理合作失败成本关键路径反馈固定价格化石不可抗力计日工职能组织决定；基本原理决策树缺陷责任定义德尔福技术的一般规则交付的一般规定偏差；代直接费用贴现现金流量；传播公路工程；放电的人力资源管理；争端的人力资源规划图纸水利工程；水电工程；雇主接管身份证书评标启动过程组；执行过程组指示的投标工业建设投资回报分析；无效个人和团队的业绩信息分配谈判指定分包商的间接费用激励奖金信息技术解释；保险观察视察场外在线在职培训开幕投标

Firstly, it analyses the object of contract rescission from several angels, concludes that the object of contract rescission should be the original right and obligation in the contract, the contract itself and the right and obligation in the contract for the purpose of remedy is not rescinded. So the problem that whether contract rescission has retroactivity effect becomes the problem that whether contract rescission makes the original right and obligation in the contract vanishes retroactively.

笔者对合同解除的标的进行分析，认为合同解除的标的应该是合同内容中的原始性权利义务，合同解除后合同本身和合同中的救济性权利义务并不因合同解除而消灭，正因为此，关于合同解除是否有溯及力的问题也变成了合同解除后是否使合同中的原始性权利义务溯及地消灭的问题。

Based on the current status of domestic invalidation of contract system, reference to the foreign regulations and foreign law and regulations on the invalidation of contract, and starting with the implications of law, the essay focuses o the following aspects: The first three aspects emphasize the analysis on the characters of three types of contracts, which will probably lead to the invalidation of contracts (including invalid contract, dischargeable contract and waiting for efficacy contract), the identification of the lawsuit prescription of invalid contract and the eliminating period of dischargeable contract.

本文拟立足于我国合同无效制度的现状，借鉴国外立法的有关合同无效的规定和法学理论，结合司法实践，从合同无效的法律内涵出发，着重论述以下四方面的内容：前三个方面是对可能引起合同无效后果的三类合同(无效合同，可撤销合同，效力待定合同)性质的分析，并阐述了无效合同的诉讼时效以及可撤销合同的除斥期间的认定等问题。首先是对于绝对无效合同和相对无效合同的区分，笔者认为应采用严格法定主义原则，进一步缩小绝对无效合同的范围，在一般情况下，损害国家、集体、社会公共利益，违反公序良俗，扰乱社会秩序的合同为绝对无效合同。

The results of research shows after executing the new Labor Contract Law, not only makes sure the setting procedure of the Collective Contract and emphasizes the efficacy of the Collective Contract and relationship with Labor Contract Law, but also firstly provides regulation for the regional and industrial Collective Contract and exclusively Collective Contract in Law. The regulation asserts and completes the Collective Contract system, and be more important consorting with relationship between employers and employees.

研究显示，新的劳动合同法实施后，不仅明确了集体合同的订立程序，强调集体合同的效力及其与劳动合同的关系，还首次在法律层面将区域性、行业性集体合同以及专项集体合同予以提出和规定，这对於集体合同制度的确立和完善，对於集体合同在协调劳动关系方面作用的更好发挥意义重大。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

Insurance contract is a special trade and civil contract, and has its own specificalities: bilateral contract with conditions、 contract with legally adequate consideration、 aleatory contract 、contract of adhesion.

保险合同是一种特殊的民商合同，也具有附有条件的双务性、对价有偿性、射幸性、附合性等特点。

To some extent, the contract law promoted the development of contract system. The contract law is the entia of economy contract law, international contract law and technology contract law.

新的合同法将我国原有的经济合同法、涉外经济合同法以及技术合同法融为一体，对其具有共性的部分在总则中进行了统一的规定。

The dissertation begins with the further discussion attributions of the economic contract , and comparing the economic contract with the ordinary economic contract and financial instruments, I think that the derivative financial instrument is an economic contract essentially, and has all the common characters owned by the economic contract, so we should establish the accounting for derivative financial instrument on the executory contract, otherwise the accounting for the derivative financial instrument will lose the basis of the accounting theory.

本文共分四部分：本文首先对衍生金融工具的经济属性进行了较为深入的探讨，并将其与一般经济合约和基本金融工具进行了比较分析，认为衍生金融工具本质上是一项经济合约，具有所有经济合约所具有的共性，衍生金融工具的会计处理应建立在对履行中合约的会计处理基础之上，否则对衍生金融工具的会计处理就会缺乏理论基础。

A new model used to represent interrelated evidences in DSmT framework was proposed. In this model, two dependent evidences were considered resulted from orthogonal sum of one dependent original evidence and two independent original evidences, respectively. Combining the two dependent evidences can be reduced to an orthogonal sum of the two independent original evidences and the dependent original evidence.

提出了在DSm理论框架中表示相关证据的一种模型，其中两个相关证据各由一个独立源证据和一个相关源证据正交和合成，相关证据的合成就归结为这两个独立源证据和这个相关源证据的正交和合成。

"Bird Man's Diary, Butting on the Love Island", Changsha, China

2008年"鸟人日记，顶在爱情岛"，中国长沙

As long as they were in the service of a family of wizards, their magic would remain dormant.

只要他们一天为家庭服务，他们的法力就潜藏不动。