查询词典 demand elasticity

For example, the bulk commodity prices, oil prices fell from the highest 140 U.S. dollars now below 70 U.S. dollars, will make a lot of China's manufacturing costs; In addition, the majority of Chinese products is a necessity, the demand elasticity of the small decline in exports may be low than expected.

例如，大宗商品价格，原油价格从最高的140美元已经低于70美元，将是中国的制造成本很多，此外，我国大部分产品是必需的，需求弹性小在出口的下降可能会比预期的低。

"Service is relatively low elasticity of demand, and price elasticity of demand is quite large."

"服务是相对低需求弹性，和需求价格弹性很大。"

Define the price elasticity of demand and the income elasticity of demand.

定义需求的价格弹性和需求的收入弹性。

According to the requirement of power supply company, the authors propose a concept of weekly market by which the impact of price elasticity matrix of demand side on power purchase decision-making under time-of-use price is led into the optimization of power supply company's power purchase from weekly market, and a multi-objective stochastic optimization model for power purchase from weekly market in which the price elasticity matrix of demand side and risk are considered.

根据供电公司购售电业务的工作需要提出了周市场的概念，首次将分时电价下需求侧电量电价弹性矩阵对购电决策的影响引入供电公司周市场购电优化中，并建立了计及需求侧E矩阵与风险的周市场购电多目标随机优化模型。

In the Market Equilibrium with Stocks, the necessity for existence of stocks stems from the contradictions of the continuity and discontinuity,the elasticity and inelasticity between supply and demand; stocks's role in a Market Equilibrium with Stocks formation mechanism is largely embodied by a cumulative difference of supply and demand, rather than a simple short-term supply and demand residual error.

在有库存市场均衡中，库存存在的必然性源自于供给与需求在连续性与非连续性、富于弹性与缺乏弹性之间的矛盾；库存在有库存市场均衡形成机制中的作用，更多的表现为一个累积效应下的供求差额，而不是简单的短期供求残差。

By drawing on overseas and domestic experiences, the power pricing methods of peak, flat and valley load segment and consumer demand response are analyzed and a pricing model of peak-valley TOU price considering power rate winkage between demand side and generation side and price elasticity of demand is built. The model simulation flow is also introduced in dated.

借鉴国内外先进经验，分析了峰、平、谷各时段电价的确定方法及用户需求响应，建立了一种综合考虑需求侧与发电侧电价联动和电力需求价格弹性的峰谷分时电价定价模型，并详细介绍了该模型的仿真流程。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对&厂网分开，竞价上网&的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了&厂网分开，竞价上网&电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

Meanwhile, through the sensibility analysis, it is concluded that the rational charging rate tend to decrease with the increase of the design accessibility and the price-demand elasticity and the decrease of service level.

同时，通过敏感性分析，可以得到随着设计通行能力的增加、价格需求弹性的增加和服务水平的降低，合理的收费费率有减小趋势。

Secondly, this paper set up the diffusion model of innovation incorporating price, advertising and distribution, and given the optimal diffusion equation and characterized qualitatively optimum price, advertising and distribution. Furthermore, it studied the ratio relations among the advertising elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of demand and the distribution elasticity of demand. Finally studied the influence of marketing mix variables to the technology diffusion.

然后建立了含商品定价、广告费用和销售费用等的技术创新扩散模型，给出了扩散最优方程和商品价格、广告费用和销售费用的最优曲线，进一步地，本文分析了广告费用对需求的弹性、商品定价对需求的弹性以及销售费用对需求的弹性之间的比例关系，探讨了这些外部市场变量对创新扩散的影响。

Three of the most commonly used demand elasticities are price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand.

最常用的三种需求弹性是需求的价格弹性，需求的收入弹性以及需求的交叉价格弹性。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。