查询词典 demand elasticity

Asset price especially the stock price in China has basically no correlation with enterprises investment and it has more substitution effect than wealth effect on household consumption, but it has large demand elasticity for money.

我国资产价格主要是股票价格虽然与企业投资的相关关系不显著，对居民消费的替代效应大于财富效应，但对货币的需求弹性较大。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对"厂网分开，竞价上网"的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了"厂网分开，竞价上网"电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

Thus attains demand elasticity coefficient and format of demand function.

从而为供电企业合理调整电价提供参考依据，以期增加供电企业的利润，并达到对负荷的调整。

Because labor demand has the character of derivate demand, the demand elasticity could regulate, to some extent, this effect.

但是，由于劳动力需求具有"派生需求"这一特殊的性质，因此需求弹性对于这种影响会产生一定的调节作用。

Methods:The influencing factors of medical services demand were analyzed by using economic model of demand elasticity.

利用需求的弹性经济学模型对影响门诊医疗服务需求的因素进行分析。

Including national economies development level, Natural resources condition, function of population structure, demand elasticity and elasticity of supply, state policies and law, induced effect each other among the industry.

其中包括国民经济的发展水平、自然资源条件、人口结构、需求弹性和供给弹性、国家政策与法律的作用、产业间的相互带动作用。

For communications and medical services, the relevant demand elasticity of the group with low income is relatively low, but the demand elasticity of middle income group is higher than the group with high income.

对于交通通讯类、医疗保谜类商品而言，低收入群体的相关需求弹性较低，而中等收入群体的需求弹表现出高于高收入群体的趋势，由此可以看出，尽管出于满足最低生活需求和提高生活质量的不同需要，但相关税负归宿主要由低收入群体和高收入群体共同承担。

On the other hand the elevation of brand credit will reduce merchandise demand elasticity and steepen the demand curve .

另一方面品牌信用度的提高使得品牌商品的需求弹性变小，需求曲线变陡峭。

After the introduction of brand into economics, the elevation of brand credit changes the demand curve. On the one hand the elevation of brand credit will decrease the choice cost of consumers effectively if other conditions remain unchanging. Consumers' nature of hastening for benefits and avoiding harm makes the demand increase at any price. On the other hand the elevation of brand credit will reduce merchandise demand elasticity and steepen the demand curve.

把品牌引入经济学后，品牌信用度的提高使得需求曲线发生变化，一方面在其他条件不变的情况下，品牌信用度的提高将有效地降低消费者的选择成本，消费者"趋利避害"的本性使得在任意价格下需求量增加，需求曲线右移；另一方面品牌信用度的提高使得品牌商品的需求弹性变小，需求曲线变陡峭。

Third,the paper sets up a mathematical model for indirect tax shifting through algebraic method, it concludes a general rule on indirect tax shifting from VAT payers to others, the buyers only takes the full tax burden when there isn't any demand elasticity or full supply elasticity, and the sellers only takes the full tax burden when there is full supply elasticity or no demand elasticity, sellers and buyers share the tax burden respectively, the tax share amount has a straight line dependence to the commodity demand or supply elasticity, the proportion of indirect tax burden of sellers equal to the proportion between demand elasticity and the sum of demand and supply elasticity.

第三，本文用代数推理的办法推导出测算间接税税负转嫁的代数模型，从而得出增值税纳税人间接税税负转嫁的一般规律：销售者和购买者各自负担部分税负，其负担的份额取决于商品供求弹性的对比关系，销售者负担的间接税税负比例等于需求弹性系数占供求弹性系数之和的比例。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。