查询词典 decision-maker

The growing international competition under the rapid development of economy and societybrings decision process randomicity, ambiguity, diversity, game playing and groupment, andrequires higher scientificity for decision making. Therefore, group decision theories and methodsfor uncertain problems should be given intensive study.

随着经济社会的高速发展，国际竞争日趋激烈，使得决策过程充满了随机性、模糊性、多样性、博弈性和群体性，对决策的科学性提出了更高的要求，因此必须深入研究能够处理不确定性问题的群决策理论与方法。

This model uses nonlinear mapping to map samples into high dimensional feature space, and compares the distribution of each type of samples in the high dimensional space. So that a binary decision tree is constructed through clustering, which can make the more separable classes classified at the upper node of the binary decision tree. The model overcomes the accumulation of misclassification and avoids the condition of impartibility efficiently. At the same time, each node of decision tree uses binary least squares wavelet support vector machine to obtain higher generalization ability.

该模型利用非线性映射将样本投影到高维特征空间，比较每类样本在高维空间的分布情况，进行聚类构造出一个二叉决策树，使容易区分的类别从根节点逐层分类出来，有效克服了错分积累和避免不可分情况；同时，各个节点采用二值最小二乘小波支持向量机，以获得较高的泛化能力。

As to the levels of the public organization,the middle levels will reduce step by step and the public organization will be flatten,but the change of the number of the middle management is uncertain,it is possible to decrease、keep and increase the number of the middle management. As to the form of public organization,it will become networked、virtual and flexible. As to the distribution of the power of decision-making,the information technology improves the ability of decision-making of whole public organization and cause the redistribution of the decision-making power,recentralization and decentralization can coexist in the public organization,which depends on many factors.

从组织层级来看，公共组织的中间层将逐渐减少，日趋扁平化，但中层管理人员的变化却是不确定的；从组织形式来看，公共组织逐步走向网络化、虚拟化；从决策权的分配来看，信息技术的应用使得决策权在公共组织内部实现重新配置，集权与分权可以并存于公共组织内部。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Multi-criteria decision making is classified into multi-attribute decision making and multi-objective decision making, that is based on the limitless alternatives or the unlimitless alternatives.

多准则决策根据决策方案是有限还是无限而分为多属性决策与多目标决策两大类，它是分析决策理论的重要内容之一。

In the aspect of methodology, this paper utilizes geographic information system, decision support system and spatial decision support system to solves the problem of massive data management and semi-structural and unstructural decision-making in ecological environmental planning.

在此基础上，论文以上海崇明县为例，将地理信息系统、统计模型和空间决策支持系统的集成作为技术突破点，从一个侧面对生态环境规划的理论体系、方法和技术进行了研究和实践。

Perfect administration affirms the legal or effective court decision adjudging , being going to scan confirmation again , the administrative lawsuit value is fetched to the change for the authority controlling the government; Correct allocation affirms ineffective court decision , clear stipulation the person applies to circumstance concretely; Change the deficiency affirming the court decision breaking the law applying to circumstance list nature regulation , want the same balance between taking the protection to individual benefit seriously , realizing a lot of benefit thereby.

完善行政确认判决，要重新审视确认合法或有效判决，将行政诉讼的价值取向转变为控制政府权力；要正确定位确认无效判决，明确规定其具体的适用情形；要改变确认违法判决适用情形列举性规定的不足，要同样重视对个人利益的保护，从而实现诸多利益之间的平衡。

How to effectively control organizational decision process so as to realize the potencies of organizational decision is one of the main problems of organizational decision theory.

如何对组织决策过程进行有效管理和控制，以实现整体大于部分之和的组织增效潜力，是组织决策理论需要研究解决的重点问题。

The concept and algorithm of the simplified discernment function are provided. The function not only has the same decision ability as the decision table, but also eliminates all the reduplicated and redundant terms included in the original discernment function educed by the decision table.

提出了简化差别函数的概念及其算法，简化差别函数不仅具有与决策表相同的决策能力，而且剔除了由决策表导出的原始差别函数中的重复项和冗余项。

In chapter three, with the effective combination of the prior preference, posterior preference and interactive method, and based on the theory of satisficing decision making and goal programming, an interactive method for solving static or dynamic multicriteria programming is devised. In the method, by constructing the simplexes in the set of parameters and transforming them, the local preference information is interactively quested in th process of decision making. The prior and posterior preference are used to speed up the process of decision making and overcome the false convergency which may be occured in pure interactive algorithms. This method can be used to cope with linear, nonlinear and dynamic multicritcria programming.

在第3章多目标数学规划的参数单纯形方法中，通过多目标数学规划的验先偏好方法，交互式方式与验后偏好方法的有效组合，在满意决策和目标规划的理论基础上提出了一种求解多目标静态及动态规划的交互式方法，该方法通过在参数集中构造单纯形并进行其变换，在决策过程中交互地索取决策者的局部偏好信息，并利用决策者的验先偏好来提高决策过程进行的速度，及利用决策者的验后偏好来克服纯交互式算法中可能出现的假收敛现象。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。