查询词典 deceptive

In such cases, Allison's self-deceptive belief that her daughter is not having learning difficulties, fulfills her desire, quells her fear or reduces her anxiety, and it is this function that explains why her belief formation process is bias.

这些时候，Allison的女儿没有学习障碍这个自我欺骗的信念满足了她的欲望，压制了她的恐惧或减少了她的焦虑，正是这种功能解释了为何她的信念形成过程是具有偏见的。

In general, intentionalists hold that self-deceivers are responsible, since they intend to acquire the self-deceptive belief, usually recognizing the evidence to the contrary.

总体来说，意图主义者认为自我欺骗者要负责，因为他们有意去获得那个自我欺骗信念，往往是认识了相反证据。

Of thinking available from the memory, including not only the routine, passive, and often self-deceptive evocation of images by association, but also a wide range of more active and intelligent （going on composition, design, and possibly invention, in fields such as literature, art, and science）. For

这不仅包括因联想而生的常规、被动且往往是自欺的表象，还包括更为主动和智慧性的思维模式（从心灵中首先计划出来的日常按排，直到文学、艺术和科学领域中作品、设计以及发明等）。

Thus, Allison need not hold any opinion regarding her daughter's having learning difficulties for her false belief that she is not experiencing difficulties to count as self-deception, since it is her regarding evidence in a motivationally biased way in the face of evidence to the contrary, not her recognition of this evidence, that makes her belief self-deceptive.

因此Allision不需要对有关自己女儿学习障碍方面有任何立场就可以将她对女儿没有障碍的虚假信念算作自我欺骗，因为造成她的信念成为了自我欺骗的是在相反的证据面前用动力引起下具有偏见的一个方式对待证据，即：不承认她的证据。

If exiting self-deception is under the guidance control of self-deceivers, then they might reasonably be blamed for persisting in their self-deceptive beliefs when they regard matters of moral significance.

如果已有的自我欺骗处于了自我欺骗者们的引导控制下，那么对于道德重要的事情还坚持他们自我欺骗性的信念，那么他们理应要受谴责。

Confront this head-on as a self-deceptive ploy to postpone.

正面地面对这样一个只是为了延期而耍的自欺欺人的花招吧。

If radically deflationary models of self-deception do turn out to imply that our own desires and emotions, in collusion with social pressures toward bias, lead us to hold self-deceptive beliefs and cultivate habits of self-deception of which we are unaware and from which cannot reasonably be expected to escape on our own, self-deception would still undermine autonomy, manifest character defects, obscure us from our moral engagements and the like.

如果自我欺骗的剧烈降级模式真地说明了我们自己的欲望和情绪，与带偏见的社会压力合谋下，导致了我们拥有了自我欺骗性的信念，养成了自我欺骗的习惯，这些是我们没有察觉到的并且不能合理地期望我们自己来独立摆脱，那么自我欺骗还会破坏到自主性，体现出性格缺陷，对我们掩盖起了道德约定等等。

The belief is desirable in this instance, because holding it ensures that it will not be true. In Nelkin's view, then, what unifies cases of self-deception—both twisted and straight—is that the self-deceptive belief is motivated by a desire to believe p; what distinguishes them is that twisted self-deceivers do not want p to be the case, while straight self-deceivers do.

那么按照Nelkin的看法，将自我欺骗各种情况统一起来的是自我欺骗的信念是都受到了一种要认为p的渴求的推动；将它们区分的是扭曲自我欺骗者不希望p是那样；而直接自我欺骗者却希望是那样。

In Nelkin's view, then, what unifies cases of self-deception—both twisted and straight—is that the self-deceptive belief is motivated by a desire to believe p; what distinguishes them is that twisted self-deceivers do not want p to be the case, while straight self-deceivers do.

虽然扭曲自我欺骗的非意图主义的模式占支配地位，可是欲望、情绪，或者这些态度的某种组合在这种自我欺骗中是不是占据主要角色；以及它们的影响是不是只触发了过程还是继续引导它进行整个过程还具有争议。

Levy (2004) has argued that non-intentional accounts of self-deception that deny the contradictory belief requirement should not suppose that self-deceivers are typically responsible, since it is rarely the case that self-deceivers possess the requisite awareness of the biasing mechanisms operating to produce their self-deceptive belief.

Levy(2004)认为，否定了矛盾信念要求的自我欺骗的非意图式解释不应当认为自我欺骗者一般要负责的，因为极少情况下自我欺骗者具有产生出自我欺骗信念的偏见机制拥有前提觉察。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

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