查询词典 debris flow

In order to study the intake air flow characteristics in four-valve diesel engines, in this dissertation hot-wire anemometer and PIV twodimension instantaneous measuring technique are used. Extensive experimental study on two intake valve exit flow fields and longitudinal section flow field in cylinder are performed for different type of diesel engines. Great researching progress have been made on the interaction between two intake ports, and the formation process of in-cylinder swirl and flow field structure of cross and longitudinal section for four valve diesel engines. These results are presented in China for the first time and without such kind of research work reported abroad as detailed and deepgoing as this dissertation. The author designs and makes a set of hot wire measuring velocity device to measure the velocity distribution around the intake valve annulus and the cross section flow field in cylinder.

为了研究四气门柴油机进气过程中气体流动的变化规律，本文利用热线测速和PIV二维瞬态测速技术，对四气门柴油机两进气门出口全圆周流速场和缸内横、纵剖面的气体流动流场进行了大量的试验研究，在四气门柴油机两进气道之间相互影响的变化规律，缸内涡流的形成过程及缸内横、纵剖面流场结构等方面取得了重大的研究进展，这一研究工作在国内尚属首次，在国外也未见有如此全面、深入的研究报道。

To achieve this, the or each steam generator pipe (22, 50, 60) has a respective downpipe section (34, 52, 62, 64), which is approximately vertical and through which the flow medium can flow downwards and a respective riser pipe section (36, 54, 66, 68) connected downstream of the downpipe on the flow medium side, which is approximately vertical and through which the flow medium can flow upwards.

为达到此目的，按本发明这一根或每根蒸汽发生器管(22、50、60)分别包括一个近似垂直布置可被流动介质沿向下的方向流过的下降管段(34、52、62、64)和一个沿流动介质流向连接在该下降管段下游的、近似垂直布置并可被流动介质沿向上的方向流过的上升管段(36、54、66、68)。

Based on numerical simulation flow after treatment methods and implementation. This paper drawing river ice jam thickness contour map, vertical water flow under the ice jam contour map as an example, the use of Surfer software described in detail various graphics rendering; Focused on the Surfer with VB programming software secondary development to achieve flow numerical simulation after treatment, showed that automatic change the data files to the Surfers;Introduced Active automation technology and Visual Basic Application Program Interface, and the interface technology will combinate VB powerful software development capabilities and Surfer software powerful mapping functions , achieve the key code and the mapping results map examples: under the ice sheet flow velocity field vertical contour map, three-dimensional wire-frame plans, such as flow field vector graphics, and dynamic display and output the graphics.

基于水流数值模拟后处理的方法与实现，本文以绘制河流冰塞厚度等值线图、冰塞下水流纵向流速等值线图为例，详细介绍了运用Surfer软件绘制各种图形的方法；重点阐述了用VB编程对Surfer软件进行二次开发实现水流数值模拟后处理，显示向Surfer数据文件自动转换的过程；介绍了Active自动化技术及其与VB应用程序的接口技术，并利用该接口技术将VB的强大软件开发能力和Surfer软件强大的绘图功能相结合，给出了实现该接口技术的关键代码以及绘制成果图件的实例：冰盖下流速场纵向流速等值线图、三维线框图、流场矢量图等图形，并输出图形与动态显示。

The main factors influencing the duration of preferential flow are the duration and the amount of rainfall. The duration of preferential flow is very evidently positively related to the duration of rainfall, and evidently positively related to the amount of rainfall. The main factor influencing the peak of preferential flow is the amount of rainfall, which is evidently positively related to the peak of preferential flow. The soil characteristics of different soil layers are very different, which induced the lateral preferential flow.

3降雨和土壤物理特性是影响优先流的重要因子，影响优先流流量的主要降雨因子是降雨总量，两者呈现出极显著的正相关关系；影响优先流历时的主要降雨因子是降雨历时和降雨总量，优先流历时与降雨历时为极显著正相关关系，与降雨总量为显著正相关关系；影响优先流峰值流量的主要降雨因子是降雨总量，两者为显著正相关关系。

The advantage of CFD numerical simulation especially displays in the development of the new products, it not only can replace theroutine experiment and offer various kinds of flow characteristic parameters by a large margin , It not only can replace conventional experimental substantially provide various flow parameters, and reveals through three-dimensional flow field pattern to optimize design based on detailed. CFD numerical simulation in this text applications will greatly enhance the cage control valve design and the technical level and product quality, reducing cage control valve design and processing cycle, significant cost savings, And optimizes through the flow channel, to reduce fluid flow through the valve of energy loss, improving efficiency in the use of energy have the extremely vital significance.

CFD数值模拟的优势尤其表现在新产品的研制开发中，它不但能大幅度取代常规实验提供各种流动特性参数，而且能通过揭示流场三维分布形态为优化设计提供详细依据；文中所采用CFD方法必将大大提高套筒型调节阀设计的技术含量与产品质量，可缩短调节阀的设计和加工周期，节省大量成本，并且通过流道优化，对降低流体流过调节阀的能量损失，提高能源利用率等具有十分重要的意义。

3The transience multiphase flow software was employed for simulating pipeline's slug flow behavior in this paper. The computational results of OLGA have been interpretted by relevant theory.The changes of pressure and holdup in the slug flow analyzed were explained, and its inherent regularity was also revealed in detail.Through which, the cause to slug flow was found out, and the flow type of slug could be suppress or controlled effectively.

3采用瞬态多相流软件对管道流动特性进行模拟研究，用相关理论解释OLGA软件的计算结果，主要针对段塞流压力、持液率的变化规律进行分析，详尽地揭示其内在规律，确定段塞流产生的原因，并进行模拟控制调节。

Some important structures as road, cable way deck, intake etc will be built on one debris, so the deformation and stability of the debris are the substantial foundation to the control design, which will influence the safety of construction and operation of the hydroelectric station.

结果表明：收口转向及变形收敛特征使得堆积体下部形成一个"支撑拱"，从而阻碍了上部堆积体向下部的变形与位移，利于堆积体的稳定；同时，三维数值模拟结果也表明：堆积体的变形具有明显的空间效应。

When grown debris disk, the disk head when reading a file is no longer read a complete document, but are divided into many parts of back and forth to read, and the disk read time for data is only read the timing of another site 20%, such as an increase in debris, the use of the computer will become slower speed.

当磁盘碎片多起来后，硬盘的磁头读取某个文件时就不再是读取一个完整的文件，而是被分成多个部分来回读取，而磁盘读取连续数据的时间仅为读取另一地点数据时间的20%，这样随着碎片的增多，电脑的使用速度就会越来越慢。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48