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The scarce annual global solar radiation data of Henan Province were extended to recent 40 years (1960￣1997) by experimental formula, and direct solar radiation and scatting solar radiation data were calculated by another experimental formula for the stations with the only global solar radiation data.

首先把河南省不完整的太阳辐射资料，用经验公式推算到近40年（1960～1997年）的资料。并把只有总日射资料的站，利用经验公式，计算出直接辐射、散射辐射资料。

Data protection technologies such as real-time replication, snapshotting – which allows companies to capture the data from a system at a specific moment without taking applications off line – and a move from tape to disc for a growing range of back-up tasks have all contributed to improvements in data availability, especially for larger organisations.

企业有了诸如实时复制、快照这样的数据保护技术，就可以在特定时刻从系统获得数据，却不必使应用程序离线，再加上范围越来越广的备份任务从使用磁带发展为使用碟片，这些都有助于提高数据获取，对规模较大的组织而言尤其如此。

Comparing with existing solutions, new method can utilize generators' speed signal measured by wide area measurement systems directly and detailed model and parameter of power system components were not needed. After sphering measurement-data, ICA with maximal negentropy criterion was carried out to obtain feature matrix. By this means high-dimension data of multi-machine perturbed trajectories were reduced to lower dimensions, and coherent generator groups were identified by pattern recognition consequently. Simulation results of 36-bus system with 8-generator and planning northwest China 750 kV power grid show that noise signals and bad data can be eliminated. This method is accurate in identifying coherent generator groups.

与现有方法相比，这种方法不需要获得系统元件模型和参数，而是直接球化广域测量系统(wide area measurement systems，WAMS)提供的发电机电角速度信号，再利用最大负熵准则进行独立分量分析得到特征矩阵，将高维数的多机受扰轨迹数据变换到低维空间，通过模式识别得到分群结果。8机36节点系统和西北750 kV电网规划系统算例表明，该方法能有效消除噪音和坏数据的影响，准确识别出同调机群。

Thus, user can know the data that needs to be deleted because of superposing recording. And it can also backup the data to avoid important data lost.

这样，用户事先就可以了解由于数据重叠记录而需要删除的数据，同时还可以将要删除的数据进行备份，从而可以有效防止由于重叠记录而引起的重要数据的丢失。

ABSTRACT In recent years data mining gets more and more attention and becomes one of the hottest spot in IT research field. Researchers from various fields show great enthusiasm for the subjects in data mining and are willing to devote themselves to the new field because data mining syncretizes artificial intelligence, statistics, database, and machine study. At the beginning of this new century, it is a large-scale amalgamation of subjects.

短短的几年时间，数据挖掘风靡全球，成为IT业近年来非常热门和前沿的研究方向之一，由于数据挖掘融合了人工智能、统计学、数据库、机器学习等各个领域的理论与技术，使得不同学科领域的学者对DM的研究表现出了前所未有的热情和参与精神，在世纪交替的特殊时期，这是又一轮规模空前的学科大融合。

It also concludes that the classification result is obviously better using C5.0 decision tree algorithm based on the combining data processed by a sequence of atmospheric correction, data fusion and transformed by NDVI, NDBI and Tasseled Cap than the raw data.

研究发现，C5.0决策树算法用未处理的资料生成决策树的效果较差，而经大气校正和数据融合后计算出NDVI、NDBI及缨帽变换的前3个分量的组合数据生成的决策树深度最小，并且分类精度最高。

Using computer real time data acquiring system and data measuring and transmiting telemetering developed by authors, a lot of data are acquired.

利用自行研制的计算机实时数据采集系统及井眼数据测量与传输遥测系统，获取了大量实验数据。

The data of velocities and depths are attained from the data collection of present results of geoscience transects including artificial seismic section data by digitalization.

至此，我们能够给地质体的速度结构赋予时间的含义，并进一步讨论了反演给出的年代格架在不同地学断面上的特点。

Main works in this paper include:(1) Studies on pipelines network underground" spacial data model and data structure;(2) Analysing and extracting the data of cities" pipelines network underground;(3) Methods of development with OpenGL in VC++;(4) Measures of pipelines network undergrounds realizition, such as division of map layer, foundation of coordinate system, real-time roaming about and so on;Finally, works that has been done in this paper is summarized, and prospect of the problems should be gone deep into in future is made, integrated with the experience and deficiency in this paper.

论文所做的工作主要有：(1)地下管网空间数据模型与数据结构的研究；(2)管线源数据的分析与提取；(3)地下管线可视化的方法，例如图层划分、坐标系的建立、地图投影的定义、漫游中的实时处理技术以及地下管线的3D几何造型技术等；(4)VC++中OpenGL开发和运用的方法；最后对本课题所完成的实际工作和所取得的结论性成果进行了概括和总结，结合在研究过程中的体会和不足，对以后的研究中需要进一步深入研究的几个方面做了一个简单的展望。

Has these phenomenon reason to include: Does not carry on the test in the analogy energy region selection test with the example to be able to obtain the different expiration data distribution; The software reliability testing input territory data distributions and the selection also affect in time domain expiration data distributed tendency and so on.

产生这些现象的原因有：在不同功能区选取测试用例进行测试会得到不同的失效数据分布；软件可靠性测试的输入域数据的分布与选取也影响时间域内的失效数据分布趋势等等。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。